The pineal gland and the development of salt intake patterns in male rats

Krecek, J

doi:10.1002/dev.420090211

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…This pattern is established neonatally and can be suppressed in adult rats by testosterone ( 73 ). Neonatally androgenized females display low male-like salt intake and neonatally gonadectomized males display female-like high sodium intake ( 74 , 75 ).…”

Section: The Pathophysiology Of Migrainementioning

confidence: 99%

Roads Less Traveled: Sexual Dimorphism and Mast Cell Contributions to Migraine Pathology

et al. 2016

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Migraine is a common, little understood, and debilitating disease. It is much more prominent in women than in men (~2/3 are women) but the reasons for female preponderance are not clear. Migraineurs frequently experience severe comorbidities, such as allergies, depression, irritable bowel syndrome, and others; many of the comorbidities are more common in females. Current treatments for migraine are not gender specific, and rarely are migraine and its comorbidities considered and treated by the same specialist. Thus, migraine treatments represent a huge unmet medical need, which will only be addressed with greater understanding of its underlying pathophysiology. We discuss the current knowledge about sex differences in migraine and its comorbidities, and focus on the potential role of mast cells (MCs) in both. Sex-based differences in pain recognition and drug responses, fluid balance, and the blood–brain barrier are recognized but their impact on migraine is not well studied. Furthermore, MCs are well recognized for their prominent role in allergies but much less is known about their contributions to pain pathways in general and migraine specifically. MC-neuron bidirectional communication uniquely positions these cells as potential initiators and/or perpetuators of pain. MCs can secrete nociceptor sensitizing and activating agents, such as serotonin, prostaglandins, histamine, and proteolytic enzymes that can also activate the pain-mediating transient receptor potential vanilloid channels. MCs express receptors for both estrogen and progesterone that induce degranulation upon binding. Furthermore, environmental estrogens, such as Bisphenol A, activate MCs in preclinical models but their impact on pain pathways or migraine is understudied. We hope that this discussion will encourage scientists and physicians alike to bridge the knowledge gaps linking sex, MCs, and migraine to develop better, more comprehensive treatments for migraine patients.

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Section: The Pathophysiology Of Migrainementioning

confidence: 99%

Roads Less Traveled: Sexual Dimorphism and Mast Cell Contributions to Migraine Pathology

et al. 2016

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Gonadal Hormones and Sex Differences in Nonreproductive Behaviors

Beatty

1992

Sexual Differentiation

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Physiology of the epiphysis: Modern concepts

Bondarenko¹

1997

Neurophysiology

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In this review, the information available from the literature and the data obtained by the author about the epiphysis (or the pineal gland), an important neuroendocrine organ, and about its main hormone, melatonin, are summarized. The history of studying the epiphysis and the evolutionary aspects of its activity, anatomy, and physiology are discussed. The results of electrophysiological studies are described, and biochemical aspects of the epiphysis activity are analyzed. The pathways through which photoinformation enterS the pineal gland, and external factors regulating its functioning are described in detail. The data on the physiological effects produced by epiphyseal neurohormones (melatonin is the best studied) and their role in formation of different types of behavior are emphasized.

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The pineal gland and the development of salt intake patterns in male rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Roads Less Traveled: Sexual Dimorphism and Mast Cell Contributions to Migraine Pathology

Roads Less Traveled: Sexual Dimorphism and Mast Cell Contributions to Migraine Pathology

Gonadal Hormones and Sex Differences in Nonreproductive Behaviors

Physiology of the epiphysis: Modern concepts

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