The pill, estrogens, and the breast.Epidemiologic aspects

Arthes, Federico G.; Sartwell, Philip E.; Lewison, Edward F.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197112)28:6<1391::aid-cncr2820280609>3.0.co;2-s

Cited by 66 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Further, these workers' data suggested that there might be a positive association between long-term use of oral contraceptives and degree of epithelial atypia. These findings were consistent with the hypothesis that oral contraceptives may suppress the development of a type of fibrocystic disease that is different from that which increases a woman's risk of developing breast cancer (Cole, 1977) and might therefore explain why long-term oral contraceptive use has been associated with a decreased frequency of fibrocystic disease in most studies (Vessey et al, 1972;Sartwell et al, 1973;Ory et al, 1976;Kelsey et al, 1978;Kavnihar et al, 1979;Brinton et al, 1981b;Pastides et al, 1983), but with no alteration in risk for breast cancer in most groups of women (Arthes et al, 1971;Royal College of General Practitioners, 1974I'affenbarger et al, 1977;Sartwell et al, 1977;Kelsey etal., 1978Kelsey etal., ,1981Vesseyetal., 1979;Brinton et al, 1979;Ravnihar et al, 1979;Jick el al., 1980;Centers for Disease Control Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study, 1983). The results of a subsequent, smaller investigation (Pastides ef al., 1983) involving the same pathologist, however, were only in partial agreement with the first study.…”

Section: Cases Whose Biopsy Specimens Exhibited Gross Cysts Papillomsupporting

confidence: 75%

Exogenous hormone use and fibrocystic breast disease by histopathologic component

Berkowitz

Kelsey

LiVolsi

et al. 1984

Intl Journal of Cancer

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In a hospital-based case-control study of 590 women with biopsy-proven fibrocystic breast disease and 1,018 control women with other surgical conditions, no linear relationship was evident between the use of oral contraceptives or of estrogen replacement therapy and the degree of epithelial atypia of the fibrocystic lesions. Case-control and intracase comparisons suggested that oral contraceptive use might be associated with an increased occurrence of sclerosing adenosis among the premenopausal women and of gross cysts among the postmenopausal women. Estrogen replacement therapy, which was positively associated with fibrocystic breast disease as a whole among the post-menopausal women, was most frequently used among the cases whose biopsy specimens exhibited gross cysts, papillomatosis or papillary hyperplasia.

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Section: Cases Whose Biopsy Specimens Exhibited Gross Cysts Papillomsupporting

confidence: 75%

Exogenous hormone use and fibrocystic breast disease by histopathologic component

Berkowitz

Kelsey

LiVolsi

et al. 1984

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…PREVIOUS CASE-CONTROL STUDIES have shown no evidence or, at most, little evidence of an increased risk of breast cancer in users of oral contraceptives (Arthes et al, 1971;fHenderson et al, 1974;Fasal & Paffenbarger, 1975: Paffenbarger et al, 1977Sartwell et al, 1977;Lees et al, 1978;Brinton et al, 1979;Paffenbarger et al, 1979;Vessey et al, 1979). However, large-scale use of these compounds did not begin until the mid-1960s, and it is possible that these studies did not find much evidence of an association because long-term use of oral contraceptives was still uincommon, and there may be a long latent period between first exposure and disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral contraceptive use and early abortion as risk factors for breast cancer in young women

Pike¹,

Be²,

Casagrande³

et al. 1981

Br J Cancer

280

104

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A case-control study was conducted in Los Angeles County, California, of 163 very young breast-cancer cases (all aged 32 or less at diagnosis) to investigate the role, if any, of oral contraceptives (OC) in the development of the disease. OC use before first full-term pregnancy (FFTP) was associated with an elevated risk, which increased with duration of OC use (relative risk approximately 2.2 at 6 years of use, P < 0.01). This increased risk could not be explained by other risk factors. OC use after FFTP was not associated with any change in risk. A first-trimester abortion before FFTP, whether spontaneous or induced, was associated with a 2.4-fold increase in breast-cancer risk (P < 0.005).

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“…Early studies that showed OCs to confer a consistent protective effect against benign disease did not show the same pro tection against breast cancer (Table 7). 21,22,45,47,[52][53][54][55] Most of the derived risk ratios are close to unity This figure can be interpreted to indicate no evi dence of either positive or negative association be tween breast cancer and up to 4 years' use of OCs.…”

Section: Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%