The Picture Anxiety Test (PAT): A new pictorial assessment of anxiety symptoms in young children

Dubi, Kathrin; Schneider, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.07.020

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…SAD can present in children even younger than 8 years, and as such age-appropriate measures that are suitable for the child's developmental level are needed. Pictorial measures present one promising avenue for assessing separation anxiety in preschool and early school age children [37]. It should also be acknowledged that the current study sample size is relatively small for a study focussing on instrument development and validation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Separation Anxiety Daily Diary: Child Version: Feasibility and Psychometric Properties

Allen

Blatter-Meunier

Ursprung

et al. 2010

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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This report describes the feasibility and psychometric properties of the child version of the Separation Anxiety Daily Diary (SADD-C) in 125 children (ages 7-14 years) from German-speaking areas of Switzerland. Children with separation anxiety disorder (SAD; n = 58), "other" anxiety disorders (n = 36), and healthy controls (n = 31) recorded the frequency of parent-child separations, along with associated anxiety, thoughts, reactions and subsequent parental responses. Compliance rates were modest, consistent with past research on self-report diaries with anxious children. The SADD-C was better at discriminating children with SAD from controls than "other anxious" children. The SADD-C demonstrated good convergent validity with maternal and child self-reported anxiety (Revised Child Manifest Anxiety Scale, Separation Anxiety Inventory) and perceived quality of life (Inventory for Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents). Results provide support for the SADD-C as an acceptable and valid method of assessing child symptoms and parent behavior on separation. Findings are discussed with regard to the clinical utility of the SADD-C and strategies to improve compliance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Separation Anxiety Daily Diary: Child Version: Feasibility and Psychometric Properties

Allen

Blatter-Meunier

Ursprung

et al. 2010

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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“…Since a majority of the sample were university students (46%) and the sample size of young participants was low (n ¼ 17), more research would be needed to ensure usability for children and different educational levels. However, many existing studies on pictorial scales including the SAM scale could prove their usefulness for children (e.g., Dubi & Schneider, 2009;Muris et al, 2001;Pianosi, Smith, Almudevar, & McGrath, 2006;Robertson et al, 2006;Valla et al, 1994), different educational levels and adult non-readers (e.g., Lang, 1985;Lorish & Maisiak, 2005;Maldonado et al, 2004). The same accounts for the possible use for different cultures: Existing literature (e.g., Bradley & Lang, 1994) suggests that pictorial scales bear great potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, pictorial material avoids the need to draw on children's vocabulary and additionally helps children to convey their feelings, which would be otherwise expressed only reluctantly. Dubi and Schneider (2009) were able to differentiate between children with and without an anxiety disorder by means of pictorial assessment.…”

Section: Visual Scales As a Possible Substitute For Verbal Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Spatial Presence: Introducing and Validating the Pictorial Presence SAM

Weibel

Schmutz

Pahud

et al. 2015

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

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The aim of the present study was to develop a pictorial presence scale using selfassessment-manikins (SAM). The instrument assesses presence sub-dimensions (selflocation and possible actions) as well as presence determinants (attention allocation, spatial situation model, higher cognitive involvement, and suspension of disbelief). To qualitatively validate the scale, think-aloud protocols and interviews (n ¼ 12) were conducted. The results reveal that the SAM items are quickly filled out as well as easily, intuitively, and unambiguously understood. Furthermore, the instrument's validity and sensitivity was quantitatively examined in a two-factorial design (n ¼ 317). Factors were medium (written story, audio book, video, and computer game) and distraction (non-distraction vs. distraction). Factor analyses reveal that the SAM presence dimensions and determinants closely correspond to those of the MEC Spatial Presence Questionnaire, which was used as a comparison measure. The findings of the qualitative and quantitative validation procedures show that the Pictorial Presence SAM successfully assesses spatial presence. In contrast to the verbal questionnaire data (MEC), the significant distraction-effect suggests that the new scale is even more sensitive. This points out that the scale can be a useful alternative to existing verbal presence selfreport measures.

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“…The most recently developed pictorial measure is The Pictorial Anxiety Test (PAT) [36] developed by Kathrin Dubi and Silvia Schneider in 2009. The test is for young children between 4 and 8 years of age.…”

Section: Pictorial Anxiety Test (Pat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Picture Based Psychological Assessment tools for children and adolescents

Bhattacharya¹,

Hirisave²

2015

IJMH

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Children connect better with pictures than they do to verbal material. The review traces the application of pictures in the area of psychological assessment with children and adolescents. Pictures have been used as testing material in the domain of projective testing and self report formats. The pictorial tests available in each of the domains have been reviewed and separate analysis has been provided for each domain. The review focuses on the advantages of pictorial measures, their scope in the Indian context and challenges in development of pictorial measures.

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The Picture Anxiety Test (PAT): A new pictorial assessment of anxiety symptoms in young children

Cited by 47 publications

References 44 publications

The Separation Anxiety Daily Diary: Child Version: Feasibility and Psychometric Properties

The Separation Anxiety Daily Diary: Child Version: Feasibility and Psychometric Properties

Measuring Spatial Presence: Introducing and Validating the Pictorial Presence SAM

A Review of Picture Based Psychological Assessment tools for children and adolescents

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