The phytotoxins ofMycosphaerella fijiensis, the causative agent of Black Sigatoka disease of bananas and plantains

Stierle, Andrea A.; Upadhyay, Rajeev K.; Hershenhorn, Joseph; Strobel, Gary A.; Molina, Gloria C.

doi:10.1007/bf01922472

Cited by 36 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The differing solubilities indicated the production of two groups of phytotoxic metabolites by M. fijiensis, one lipophilic and the other of hydrophilic nature (Puch-Ceh 2001). These results did not agree with those reported by Stierle et al (1991), who found no evidence of hydrophilic phytotoxins produced by M. fijiensis in M-1-D medium. Furthermore, while Stierle et al (1991) reported that the phytopathogen produces a high yield of lipophilic fraction when cultured in M-1-D medium; culturing of M. fijiensis in V-8 juice medium results in a lipophilic fraction that is low in yield (21.3 mg/l) and moderately active (Puch-Ceh 2001).…”

contrasting

confidence: 79%

“…These results did not agree with those reported by Stierle et al (1991), who found no evidence of hydrophilic phytotoxins produced by M. fijiensis in M-1-D medium. Furthermore, while Stierle et al (1991) reported that the phytopathogen produces a high yield of lipophilic fraction when cultured in M-1-D medium; culturing of M. fijiensis in V-8 juice medium results in a lipophilic fraction that is low in yield (21.3 mg/l) and moderately active (Puch-Ceh 2001). As part of our interest in the phytotoxic metabolites produced by M. fijiensis and the study of their role in the infectious process, we describe here the production of hydrophilic phytotoxins by M. fijiensis.…”

contrasting

confidence: 79%

“…This finding suggests that the hydrophilic phytotoxins produced by M. fijiensis and present in the pigment-free fraction B (Fig. 1b), are different than those previously identified and reported as melanin shunt pathway metabolites (Stierle et al 1991). tested at 3% (w:v).…”

mentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Even though a number of lipophilic phytotoxins have been reported from organic extracts of M. fijiensis (Hoss et al 2000;Stierle et al 1991;Upadhyay et al 1990), to date no hydrophilic phytotoxins have been identified from this pathogen. Recently, phytotoxic activity was detected, using the leaf-spot assay on banana leaves, in both the organic extract and the aqueous residual phase obtained after the ethylacetate extraction of culture filtrates of M. fijiensis grown in V-8 juice medium.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Production of hydrophilic phytotoxins by Mycosphaerella fijiensis

et al. 2009

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We have established a reproducible strategy to purify hydrophilic phytotoxins present in the aqueous filtrate of Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. The lyophilized culture filtrate is initially treated with activated charcoal, then successively purified using vacuum liquid chromatography and semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography. Phytotoxic activity was tested using a leaf-spot assay on healthy banana leaves.

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confidence: 79%

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confidence: 79%

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confidence: 62%

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confidence: 96%

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Production of hydrophilic phytotoxins by Mycosphaerella fijiensis

et al. 2009

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“…The symptoms of the disease include elongated, necrotic lesions surrounded by chlorotic zones, suggesting the involvement of phytotoxins (Upadhyay et al 1990). Mycosphaerella fijiensis is known to produce lipophilic phytotoxins (Hoss et al 2000;Stierle et al 1991;Upadhyay et al 1990); 2,4,8-trihydroxytetralone is the most abundant and the most phytotoxic, with a hostselectivity similar to that of the pathogen (Stierle et al 1991). The mechanism of action of the different lipophilic phytotoxins produced by M. fijiensis has been studied very little; however, it has been reported that their activity is light-dependent, they affect the chloroplast, and disturb the proton electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane, increase electrolyte leakage, and induce an oxidative burst in Musa spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Physiological effects of the hydrophilic phytotoxins produced by Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of black sigatoka in banana plants

et al. 2010

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Although Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of black sigatoka disease of banana, has been known to produce numerous lipophilic host-selective (HSTs) and nonhost selective phytotoxins (non-HSTs), only recently we have reported that the pathogen also produces hydrophilic phytotoxins. Here we examined the effect of light on the toxicity of the hydrophilic phytotoxins and estimated the electrolyte leakage and H 2 O 2 and superoxide generation in detached banana leaves to study their mode of action at the cellular level. Nonhost plant species were also tested to determine whether the toxins are HSTs or nonHSTs. Our results suggest that the hydrophilic phytotoxins are non-HSTs, that their phytotoxicity is not light dependent, and that they may act at the plasma membrane by altering permeability through oxidative damage, by inducing ROS production as part of their mechanism of action.

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Inheritance of black sigatoka disease resistance in plantain-banana (Musa spp.) hybrids

Ortíz

Vuylsteke

1994

Theoret. Appl. Genetics

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Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet), an airborne fungal leaf-spot disease, is a major constraint to plantain and banana (Musa spp.) production world-wide. Gaining further knowledge of the genetics of host-plant resistance will enhance the development of resistant cultivars, which is considered to be the most appropriate means to achieve stable production. Genetic analysis was conducted on 101 euploid (2x, 3x and 4x) progenies, obtained from crossing two susceptible triploid plantain cultivars with the resistant wild diploid banana 'Calcutta 4'. Segregating progenies, and a susceptible reference plantain cultivar, were evaluated over 2 consecutive years. Three distinct levels of host response to black sigatoka were defined as follows: susceptible (< 8 leaves without spots), less susceptible (8-10) and partially resistant (> 10). Segregation ratios for resistance at the 2x level fitted a genetic model having one major recessive resistance allele (bs 1) and two independent alleles with additive effects (bsr 2 and bsr 3). A similar model explains the results at the 4x level assuming that the favourable resistance alleles have a dosage effect when four copies of them are present in their respective loci (bs i (4) ). The proposed model was further validated by segregation data of S 1 progenies. Mechanisms of black sigatoka resistance are discussed in relation to the genetic model.

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The phytotoxins ofMycosphaerella fijiensis, the causative agent of Black Sigatoka disease of bananas and plantains

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Production of hydrophilic phytotoxins by Mycosphaerella fijiensis

Production of hydrophilic phytotoxins by Mycosphaerella fijiensis

Physiological effects of the hydrophilic phytotoxins produced by Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of black sigatoka in banana plants

Inheritance of black sigatoka disease resistance in plantain-banana (Musa spp.) hybrids

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