The Phytopathogenic Spiroplasmas

Fletcher, Jacqueline; Melcher, Ulrich; Wayadande, Astri

doi:10.1007/0-387-30744-3_30

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 255 publications

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“…for pond fish remains unclear, it is known that Spiroplasma shares a simple metabolism, parasitic lifestyle, fried-egg colony morphology, and small genome, but has a distinctive helical morphology, unlike Mycoplasma . It has a spiral shape and moves in a corkscrew motion [ 13 ]. Many Spiroplasma are found either in the gut or haemolymph of insects, where they can act to manipulate host reproduction, or defend the host as endosymbionts [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Microbiota in Common Carps (Cyprinus carpio) from Aquacultured and Wild Fish Populations

Ružauskas

Armalytė

Lastauskienė

et al. 2021

Animals

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In this study we analyzed differences in microbial composition and antimicrobial resistance profiles in common carp living in two different environments: fish ponds, where carp have been kept under the same growing conditions over the last 50 years, and from the wild. The results demonstrated that wild fish carry a great variety of bacterial species (448 species with a prevalence of at least 0.01% from the total number of reads). Aquacultured individuals harbored 2.56 times fewer species in their gut. Significant microbial differences were observed in all taxonomic ranks, including bacterial classes and phyla. Besides bacterial variety, it was determined that aquacultured fish harbored more bacteria that are considered pathogens or opportunistic pathogens, such as Moraxellaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcaceae. The frequency of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial indicators was more common in aquacultured fish than in wild fish, therefore fish farming may be a potential source of environmental contamination with antimicrobial resistant bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Microbiota in Common Carps (Cyprinus carpio) from Aquacultured and Wild Fish Populations

Ružauskas

Armalytė

Lastauskienė

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…On one hand, motility mutants of S. citri that display only twitching movement are not impaired in pathogenicity. On the other hand, loss of helicity and motility seems to occur naturally at a very low rate in this pathogen (Duret et al, 2003;Fletcher et al, 2006). In spiroplasmas and other mollicutes, specialized tip structures consisting of exposed surface proteins are important pathogenicity determinants required for host membrane attachment and pathogen movement (Ammar el et al, 2004).…”

Section: Pathogen Movement and Host Colonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Vector-Borne Plant Diseases: Unanswered Questions and Future Directions

et al. 2020

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Vector-borne plant diseases have significant ecological and economic impacts, affecting farm profitability and forest composition throughout the world. Bacterial vector-borne pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to interact with their hemipteran insect vectors and plant hosts. These pathogens reside inplant vascular tissue, and their study represents an excellent opportunity to uncover novel biological mechanisms regulating intracellular pathogenesis and to contribute to the control of some of the world’s most invasive emerging diseases. In this perspective, we highlight recent advances and major unanswered questions in the realm of bacterial vector-borne disease, focusing on liberibacters, phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, and Xylella fastidiosa .

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“…Spiroplasma citri detection methods were based previously on somewhat tedious procedure of culturing the mollicute in liquid media and confirmation of the presence of the Spiroplasma cells by dark-field microscopy (Tully 1983). Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is useful method for Spiroplasma detection in infected plant phloem or insect vectors with 100-1000 times of sensitivity greater techniques and culturing (Fletcher et al, 2006). PCR detection of S. citri has been used with primers based on gene sequence for spiralin (Foissac et al,1996) The aim of the present investigation is to detect Spiroplasma citri associated with disorders observed on citrus trees in different locations in Egypt, isolate and cultivate it on C-3G modified media, identify by PCR, sequence and analysis the spirallin gene of Egyptian isolate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Identification of Spiroplasma citri Associated with Citrus Stubborn Disease in Egypt.

2016

Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci.

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Stubborn disease of citrus is one of the main causes of quality deterioration of citrus fruits in Egypt. The early detection and the molecular characterization of the causal agent (Spiroplasma citri) are vital for revealing its real distribution and for management. Citrus included sweet orange (C. sinensis) and mandarin (C.reticulate Planco) showing typical symptoms of stubborn disease were detected from different fields located at El-Qualubia, Ismailia and Kafr El-Sheikh governorates in Egypt. The detected S. citri from diseased samples were cultured in the artificial C-3G liquid medium and the color gradually changed from red to yellow, an indication of the presence of Spiroplasma in the cultured samples. The Spiroplasma citri, when growing on low-agar medium, forms a fried-egg , fuzzy colonies with occasional surrounding satellite colonies due to the ability of the Spiroplasma cells to move through the agar matrix. DNA extracted from symptomatic samples were used as a template for amplification of products of 675 bp using primer pair Spiralin-f / Spiralin-r by PCR. Furthermore The spiralin gene was cloned, sequenced and the obtained isolate was characterized molecularly by sequence analysis showing close relationship with Qualubia isolate (AM157771), Fewa isolate from Egypt (AM157770), SPF1 isolate from Iran (KT834818) and (U13996) isolate from France.

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The Phytopathogenic Spiroplasmas

Cited by 14 publications

References 255 publications

Microbial and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Microbiota in Common Carps (Cyprinus carpio) from Aquacultured and Wild Fish Populations

Microbial and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Microbiota in Common Carps (Cyprinus carpio) from Aquacultured and Wild Fish Populations

Bacterial Vector-Borne Plant Diseases: Unanswered Questions and Future Directions

Isolation and Identification of Spiroplasma citri Associated with Citrus Stubborn Disease in Egypt.

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