The Phytochemical Constituents, Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extract of <i>Jatropha curcas</i> leaves in Mice and Wister albino rats.

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The effect of waste paper on biogas production from the co-digestion of fixed amount of cow dung and water hyacinth was studied at room temperature in five batch reactor for over 60 days. Waste paper addition was varied for a fixed amount of cow dung and water hyacinth until maximum biogas production was achieved. Biogas production was measured indirectly by water displacement method. The production of biogas showed a parabolic relationship as the amount of waste paper (g) increased with a goodness of fit of 0.982. Maximum biogas volume of 1.11liters was observed at a waste paper amount of 17.5g which corresponded to 10.0% total solids of the biomass in 250ml solution. Thus, an optimum waste paper amount of 17.5g needs to combine with 5g of cow dung and 5g of water hyacinth in 250ml of water for maximum biogas production. Similar equivalents in kilograms and tonnes can be utilized in large-scale production of biogas which can provide decentralized source of fuel for university laboratories and also local supply of energy for electricity production. Also, the air pollution problems associated with open burning of waste papers can be eliminated. The biogas process has established to be cheap and practically feasible. @ JASEM The anaerobic digestion of organic materials has long been used to generate useful resources, which have been harnessed for the use of mankind. Biogas, which is one of the byproducts of anaerobic digestion, comprises about 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide. It has been used as a source of fuel in countries like India, China, Sweden, Bangladesh etc. for lighting and cooking purposes. In addition co-digestion of organic waste with sludge or cow dung has been mentioned in the works of Anhuradha et al (2007) and Godliving (2007) with improvements in biogas production. Apart from biogas, useful soil conditioner and manure have been obtained from the slurry residual after anaerobic digestion. Organic sources of biogas generation abound in the environment and these are well documented in literature. Works of authors like Jain et al (1981), Dunlop (1978) and Jash and Basu (1999) have studied biogas generation from animal and agricultural wastes. Biogas, being a renewable source of energy has the potential of supplementing other available energy sources in a bid to encouraging the principles of sustainable development, and reduces the practice of total dependence on fossil oil that are finite. This research work explores a suitable way to use organic waste in the environment -cow dung, which constitutes a serious problem in abattoirs, served as useful raw material for this research, because it contains the necessary micro-organism (acid formers and the methane formers) for biogas production. Waste paper at dumpsites from administrative offices, educational institutions etc, was another raw material. Finally, water hyacinth, which is rich in nitrogen and other essential nutrients (Mark and Ken, 2006) usually responsible for clogging water ways, affecting navigation, fishing and recreational ...

Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening and Analgesic Activity of Aqueous Extract of The Leaves of <i>Microtrichia perotitii</i> Dc (Asteraceae) in Mice using Hotplate Method

“…There are also reports on the role of tannins in anti-nociceptive activity (Vanu et al, 2006). On the other hand alkaloids are well known for their effects to inhibit pain perception (Uche et al, 2008, Amritpal et al, 2008.…”

Ethnobotanical survey of plants used in the management of mental illnesses in some selected local government areas of Plateau State, Nigeria

“…In a previous survey carried out in Lagos and Ogun States by Sonibare et al (2008) (Asuntha et al, 2010;Almeida et al, 2013;Adzu et al, 2002). Chenopodium ambrosioides (Cavalli et al, 2005;Ibironke and Ajiboye, 2007), J. curcas (Uche et al, 2008), Anacardium occidentale (Olajide et al, 2013;Maia et al, 2000), A. africanus (Hassan et al, 2008), S. guineense (Ior et al, 2012) have documented analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties however there is no report of neuropharmacological activity. …”

Analgesic Activity of Dichloromethanolic Root Extract of Clutia abyssinica in Swiss Albino Mice

“…Flavonoids also have the ability to reduce production of arachidonic acid through inhibition of neutrophils degranulation [31]. Besides flavonoids, alkaloids also have been associated with the ability to inhibit pain perception [32]. Alkaloids, for example berberine from berberies in a skeletal based pyridine ring have shown strong anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities [33].…”