The Phytochemical Composition, Biological Effects and Biotechnological Approaches to the Production of High-Value Essential Oil from Geranium

Narnoliya, Lokesh Kumar; Jadaun, Jyoti Singh; Singh, Sudhir P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16546-8_12

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Nerol was also found in both geraniol (1.9%) and thujanol (4.2%) chemotypes, which was proven to decrease IL-13 and TNFα pro-inflammatory cytokines [61]. The antiinflammatory effect of geraniol chemotype may be supported by the presence of geranyl acetate (18.6%), β-caryophyllene (5.7%), geranyl propionate (2.2%) and elemol (2.2%) [62][63][64][65]. The differences in the composition of the examined thyme essential oil chemotypes may contribute to their distinct effects on the regulation of IL-6 and TNFα pro-inflammatory cytokine syntheses in BV-2 microglia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Three chemotypes of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil and their main compounds affect differently the IL-6 and TNFα cytokine secretions of BV-2 microglia by modulating the NF-κB and C/EBPβ signalling pathways

Horváth

Reichert

et al. 2021

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background The essential oils possess both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, therefore they can provide an effective treatment against infections. Essential oils are widely used as supportive ingredients in many diseases, especially in the acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory tract. Neuroinflammation is responsible for several diseases of the central nervous system. Some plant-derived bioactive molecules have been shown to have role in attenuating neuroinflammation by regulating microglia, the immune cells of the CNS. Methods In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of three chemotypes of thyme essential oil and their main compounds (geraniol, thujanol and linalool) were examined on lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglia. Three different experimental setups were used, LPS pretreatment, essential oil pretreatment and co-treatments of LPS and essential oils in order to determine whether essential oils are able to prevent inflammation and can decrease it. The concentrations of the secreted tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) proinflammatory cytokines were measured and we analysed by Western blot the activity of the cell signalling pathways, NF-κB and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) regulating TNFα and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokine expressions in BV-2 cells. Results Our results showed definite alterations in the effects of essential oil chemotypes and their main compounds at the different experimental setups. Considering the changes of IL-6 and TNFα secretions the best reduction of inflammatory cytokines could be reached by the pretreatment with the essential oils. In addition, the main compounds exerted better effects than essential oil chemotypes in case of LPS pretreatment. At the essential oil pretreatment experiment, the effect of linalool and geraniol was outstanding but there was no major difference between the actions of chemotypes and standards. Main compounds could be seen to have large inhibitory effects on certain cell signalling components related to the activation of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion Thyme essential oils are good candidates to use in prevention of neuroinflammation and related neurodegeneration, but the exact ratio of the components has to be selected carefully.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Three chemotypes of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil and their main compounds affect differently the IL-6 and TNFα cytokine secretions of BV-2 microglia by modulating the NF-κB and C/EBPβ signalling pathways

Horváth

Reichert

et al. 2021

BMC Complement Med Ther

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“…The PGEO contains approximately 120 phytochemicals, of which citronellol, geraniol, and linalool and their esters account for more than 60% of the total EO and are responsible for its odor [ 20 ]. PGEO is one of the costliest EOs used in perfumery, flavoring, and cosmetics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Markers and Pharmacological Characters of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil from Palestine

et al. 2022

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Pelargonium graveolens leaves are widely used in traditional medicine for relieving some cardiovascular, dental, gastrointestinal, and respiratory disorders. They are also used as food and tea additives in Palestine and many other countries. Consequently, this investigation aimed to describe the chemical markers, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, metabolic, and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes inhibitory characteristics of P. graveolens essential oil (PGEO) from Palestine utilizing reference methods. There were 70 chemicals found in the GCMS analysis, and oxygenated terpenoids were the most abundant group of the total PGEO. Citronellol (24.44%), citronellyl formate (15.63%), γ-eudesmol (7.60%), and iso-menthone (7.66%) were the dominant chemical markers. The EO displayed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 3.88 ± 0.45 µg/mL) and weak lipase and α-amylase suppressant effects. Notably, the PGEO displayed high α-glucosidase inhibitory efficacy compared with Acarbose, with IC50 doses of 52.44 ± 0.29 and 37.15 ± 0.33 µg/mL, respectively. PGEO remarkably repressed the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), even more than Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin, and strongly inhibited Candida albicans compared with Fluconazole. The highest cytotoxic effect of the PGEO was noticed against MCF-7, followed by Hep3B and HeLa cancer cells, with IC50 doses of 32.71 ± 1.25, 40.71 ± 1.89, and 315.19 ± 20.5 µg/mL, respectively, compared with doxorubicin. Moreover, the screened EO demonstrated selective inhibitory activity against COX-1 (IC50 = 14.03 µg/mL). Additionally, PGEO showed a weak suppressant effect on COX-2 (IC50 = 275.97 µg/mL). The current research can be considered the most comprehensive investigation of the chemical and pharmacological characterization of the PGEO. The results obtained in this study demonstrate, without doubt, that this plant represents a rich source of bioactive substances that can be further investigated and authenticated for their medicinal potential.

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“…The enhancement of basil oil having therapeutic activity is an example [141]. Genetic transformations of rose geranium plants with the help of Ri plasmid led to more production of geraniol and its esters [142]. But, the mechanism behind the genetic changes is quite unclear as it can be because of plasmid or via callus culturing-based alterations followed by regeneration step.…”

Section: Genetic Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trends in essential oil (EO) production

Chakravarty

Parmar

Mandavgane

2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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The increasing demand of essential oils (EOs) as nutraceuticals, food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic ingredients in the current scenario has opened up new avenues for their large-scale production. India's biodiversity and scientific development promise to make it leading country in aroma business in the coming years. Plant resources contain the natural and aromatic EOs in small quantities which are difficult to extract. These EOs can be produced by different techniques including conventional, nonconventional, and biochemical processing strategies. The combination of conventional and non-conventional techniques has proved to be potential extraction methods. They ensure EO production with shorter extraction time, higher efficiency, and enhanced product quality. There has been a constant urge to develop greener synthesis and extraction procedures for EOs due to the adverse effects caused to the environment by the physical and chemical methods. Researchers are exploring bioengineering techniques to enhance the quality and quantity of EOs using various microorganisms and enzymes. Metabolic engineering and biotransformation can tackle the uncertainty of raw material supply for EOs like the climatic changes, natural disasters, and plant diseases. With high efficiency, specificity, and purity of products, these methods are highly beneficial for future applications. This review presents a detailed description of the current status of EO production, their potential extraction techniques, and life cycle assessment (LCA) of essential oil production. The recent developments in the direction of bioengineering for scalable synthesis of EOs are also highlighted in this review.

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The Phytochemical Composition, Biological Effects and Biotechnological Approaches to the Production of High-Value Essential Oil from Geranium

Cited by 18 publications

References 95 publications

Three chemotypes of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil and their main compounds affect differently the IL-6 and TNFα cytokine secretions of BV-2 microglia by modulating the NF-κB and C/EBPβ signalling pathways

Three chemotypes of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil and their main compounds affect differently the IL-6 and TNFα cytokine secretions of BV-2 microglia by modulating the NF-κB and C/EBPβ signalling pathways

Chemical Markers and Pharmacological Characters of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil from Palestine

Current trends in essential oil (EO) production

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