The Physiology of the Thyroid Gland

Jacob, Louis

doi:10.1001/jama.1941.72820310005008

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 127 publications

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“…Iodine is probably not required per se but is essential for the synthesis of thyroglobulin, the hormone of the thyroid gland, the presence of adequate amounts of which. according to Lerman (1941), is required for the normal function of all cells of the body.…”

Section: Iodinementioning

confidence: 99%

TRACE ELEMENTS IN FOODS¹

Calvery¹

1942

Journal of Food Science

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This topic can be discussed from the standpoint of the value of these elements in nutrition, from the analytical angle, from the toxicological viewpoint, or it can be discussed with reference to all of these. For adequate discussion of any one of the above phases of the subject, more ample space would be required. It is our purpose to mention briefly in this discussion all of the phases of the topic referred to above. When the problem has been discussed in the past, some authors have stated that one of the difficulties in deciding the subject matter to be dealt with under the title of this paper is to answer the question "When does an element become a 'trace' element"!' Then they have proceeded to fail to answer their question and confined their attention to certain elements which are undoubtedly present in foodstuffs only in small amounts and yet play some important role. Others have referred to the fact that the spectrographic method has established that certain chemical elements occurring in foods in mere traces-quantities so small that they had been completely overlooked-were extremely important. They have then mentioned that some animals and plants suffer disastrous results to health and life if these elements are not present, and then proceeded with a discussion of some of these.It seems best to confine this discussion to those elements for which there is quantitative knowledge of their presence in plant and animal tissues and to those for which quantitative knowledge is lacking but whose toxicology has been investigated. Therefore, we shall attempt to define what is meant by (1) "trace" element; ( 2 ) nutritive trace element;( 3 ) nonnutritive, nontoxic trace element ; and ( 4 ) nonnutritive, toxic trace element. A nutritive trace element may also be toxic but this group is so small that it has not been subdivided. I t is proposed that trace element be defined as any element which occurs quite widely distributed yet rarely exceeds 20 milligrams per kilogram (20 parts per million or 20 micrograms per gram) in foodstuffs as consumed. As an illustration, fluorine would certainly be considered by everyone a trace element since it commonly occurs in foodstuffs in quantities less than 20 p.p.m., but a few natural foods are known in which it occasionally exceeds this quantity. Aluminum and copper may also be used as similar illustrations.A nutritive trace element is defined as one which has definitely been shown to play a role in normal biological processes of man or the higher forms of animal life.

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Section: Iodinementioning

confidence: 99%

TRACE ELEMENTS IN FOODS¹

Calvery¹

1942

Journal of Food Science

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Review of the Literature on the Pituitary Gland (1940 and 1941)

Hildebrand¹

1943

Arch Intern Med

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Insufficiency of Adrenal Cortex Complicated by Hyperthyroidism

Perera¹

1943

JAMA

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food, bath and succinylsulfathiazole, of which he had taken 159 Gm. A blood sulfathiazole determination 6 taken at this time was again too low to be read. Physical examination showed that the patient was seriously ill, with a temperature of 104.5 F., a pulse rate of 120 and a respiratory rate of 20. The skin was dry and noncyanotic. There was some swelling of the right side of the neck. The throat was bright red with a few small superficial ulcérations. There was uvular and pharyngeal edema. In twelve hours the temperature was 105 F., pulse rate 120 and respiratory rate 28. The edema of the throat had increased so much that it became difficult for the patient to breathe or even swallow water. In the mouth and throat appeared a thick, gray, tenacious mucoid material which added to the patient's discomfort. An epinephrine spray (1 : 100) to the throat and aspiration of the mucus from the mouth and throat gave a minimal amount of comfort.

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The Physiology of the Thyroid Gland

Cited by 13 publications

References 127 publications

TRACE ELEMENTS IN FOODS¹

TRACE ELEMENTS IN FOODS¹

Review of the Literature on the Pituitary Gland (1940 and 1941)

Insufficiency of Adrenal Cortex Complicated by Hyperthyroidism

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The Physiology of the Thyroid Gland

Cited by 13 publications

References 127 publications

TRACE ELEMENTS IN FOODS1

TRACE ELEMENTS IN FOODS1

Review of the Literature on the Pituitary Gland (1940 and 1941)

Insufficiency of Adrenal Cortex Complicated by Hyperthyroidism

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Product

Resources

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TRACE ELEMENTS IN FOODS¹

TRACE ELEMENTS IN FOODS¹