The physiology of the avian embryo

Mueller, Casey A.; Burggren, Warren W.; Tazawa, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819770-7.00030-x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 264 publications

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“…Reduced heart rates could act as an adaptive maternal effect, especially at high incubation temperatures. As heart rates increase with ambient temperature, so does the risk of cardiac arrhythmia and arrest (Mueller et al, 2022). Zebra finch embryos already exhibit exponential increases in heart rate and oxygen consumption late in development, which can make them potentially more susceptible to death as a result of hyperthermic conditions at this time (Pearson et al, 1999; Vleck et al, 1979).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat‐induced maternal effects shape avian eggshell traits and embryo development and phenotype at high incubation temperatures

Hoffman,

Dees,

Wada

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Phenotypic plasticity is an important avenue by which organisms may persist in the face of rapid environmental change. Environmental cues experienced by the mother can also influence the phenotype of offspring, a form of plasticity called maternal effects. Maternal effects can adaptively prepare offspring for the environmental conditions they will likely experience; however, their ability to buffer offspring against environmental stressors as embryos is understudied. Using captive zebra finches, we performed a maternal‐offspring environmental match‐mismatch experiment utilizing a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Mothers were exposed to a mild heat conditioning (38°C) or control (22°C) treatment as juveniles, an acute high heat (42°C) or control (22°C) treatment as adults, then paired for breeding. The eggs produced by those females were incubated at a hyperthermic (38.5°C) or optimal temperature (37.2°C). We found that when mothers were exposed to a mild heat conditioning as juveniles, their embryos exhibited reduced water loss, longer development times, and produced hatchlings with heavier pectoralis muscles when incubated at high incubation temperatures, compared to embryos from control mothers. Mothers exposed to both the mild heat conditioning as juveniles and a high heat stressor as adults produced eggs with a higher density of shell pores and embryos with lower heart rates during development. However, there was a cost when there was a mismatch between maternal and embryo environment. Embryos from these conditioned and heat‐stressed mothers had reduced survival at control incubation temperatures, indicating the importance of offspring environment when interpreting potential adaptive effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat‐induced maternal effects shape avian eggshell traits and embryo development and phenotype at high incubation temperatures

Hoffman,

Dees,

Wada

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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“…In the literature, the reported surface porosity for chicken eggshells as a percentage value (to compare against limestone) is limited; however, eggshells are porous as conveyed by the number of pores on the surface of the eggshell being between 10,000 and 20,000 [51]. The architecture of an eggshell is interesting such that the microscopic pore structure functions to permit oxygen to diffuse inwards through the shell from the surroundings and allows water vapor and carbon dioxide created by the chicken embryo to diffuse outwards [52]. In contrast to the larger filler particles (e.g., 63 µm), the water weight gain increased for composites containing smaller particles (e.g., 32 µm) since they tend to have a greater surface area suggesting more water contact with the particles.…”

Section: Water Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of a Bio-Composite Produced from Two Biomaterials: Polylactic Acid and Brown Eggshell Waste Fillers

Cree,

Owuamanam,

Soleimani

2023

Waste

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An option to reduce the exploitation and depletion of natural mineral resources is to repurpose current waste materials. Fillers are often added to polymers to improve the properties and lower the overall cost of the final product. Very few studies have assessed the use of waste brown eggshell powder (BESP) as filler in polylactic acid (PLA). The addition of mineral fillers in a polymer matrix can play an important role in the performance of a composite under load. Therefore, tailoring the amount of filler content can be a deciding factor as to which filler amount is best. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of brown eggshells compared to conventional limestone (LS) powder on the mechanical properties of PLA composites. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to carry out the statistical analysis on the average values of each composite mechanical property tested. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to view if there were any differences in the fractured surfaces. Overall, the LS performed marginally better than the BESP fillers. The highest ultimate tensile and ultimate flexural strengths for eggshell composites containing 32 µm fillers had values of 48 MPa (5–10 wt.% BESP) and 67 MPa (10 wt.%. BESP), respectively. Both the tensile and flexural modulus improved with filler contents and were highest at 20 wt.% with values of 4.5 GPa and 3.4 GPa, respectively. The Charpy impact strength decreased for all filler amounts. SEM micrographs identified changes in the fractured surfaces due to the additions of the filler materials. The ANOVA results showed statistically significant differences for the composite materials. After five weeks of soaking in distilled water, the composites containing 20 wt.% BESP fillers had the highest weight gain. The study demonstrated that waste brown eggshells in powdered form can be used as a filler in PLA composites.

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Multivariable Control Approach Applied to the Embryo Incubation Process of Gallus Gallus Domesticus

Balseca

Herrera

Camacho

2023

Communications in Computer and Information Science

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The physiology of the avian embryo

Cited by 3 publications

References 264 publications

Heat‐induced maternal effects shape avian eggshell traits and embryo development and phenotype at high incubation temperatures

Heat‐induced maternal effects shape avian eggshell traits and embryo development and phenotype at high incubation temperatures

Mechanical Properties of a Bio-Composite Produced from Two Biomaterials: Polylactic Acid and Brown Eggshell Waste Fillers

Multivariable Control Approach Applied to the Embryo Incubation Process of Gallus Gallus Domesticus

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