The Physiology of Human Defecation

Palit, Somnath; Lunniss, Peter J.; Scott, S. M.

doi:10.1007/s10620-012-2071-1

Cited by 147 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 280 publications

(411 reference statements)

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“…Th e external anal sphincter is then relaxed and the anterior abdominal musculature, diaphragm, and rectum contract, leading to expulsion of the stool from the anal canal via increased intraabdominal pressure. Aft er this, the internal anal sphincter and puborectalis return to their resting contracted state ( 6 ).…”

Section: Physiology Of Continence and Defecationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy and Postpartum Bowel Changes: Constipation and Fecal Incontinence

Shin

Toto

Schey

2015

American Journal of Gastroenterology

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Pregnancy and the postpartum period are often associated with many gastrointestinal complaints, including nausea, vomiting, and heartburn; however, the most troublesome complaints in some women are defecatory disorders such as constipation and fecal incontinence, especially postpartum. These disorders are often multifactorial in etiology, and many studies have looked to see what risk factors lead to these complications. This review discusses the current knowledge of pelvic floor and anorectal physiology, especially during pregnancy, and reviews the current literature on causes and treatments of postpartum bowel symptoms of constipation and fecal incontinence.

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Section: Physiology Of Continence and Defecationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy and Postpartum Bowel Changes: Constipation and Fecal Incontinence

Shin

Toto

Schey

2015

American Journal of Gastroenterology

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“…The results of Roach and colleagues 33 suggest a high degree of within-and between subjects variability in transit time of the temperature pill. The transit time of the gastrointestinal tract is independently influenced by several physiological factors such as gender, age, diet, psycho-behavioural factors (for example short-term anxiety and stress) and physical activity level [34][35][36] . Therefore, it is important to determine, based on the study protocol, population and variation in transit time, if a continuous measurement over a longer period is suitable to answer the research question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise

Bongers

Hopman

Eijsvogels

2015

JoVE

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Exercise results in an increase in core body temperature (Tc), which may reduce exercise performance and eventually can lead to the development of heat-related disorders. Therefore, accurate measurement of Tc during exercise is of great importance, especially in athletes who have to perform in challenging ambient conditions. In the current literature a number of methods have been described to measure the Tc (esophageal, external tympanic membrane, mouth or rectum). However, these methods are suboptimal to measure Tc during exercise since they are invasive, have a slow response or are influenced by environmental conditions. Studies described the use of an ingestible telemetric temperature pill as a reliable and valid method to assess gastrointestinal temperature (Tgi), which is a representative measurement of Tc. Therefore, the goal of this study was to provide a detailed description of the measurement of Tgi using an ingestible telemetric temperature pill. This study addresses important methodological factors that must be taken into account for an accurate measurement. It is recommended to read the instructions carefully in order to ensure that the ingestible telemetric temperature pill is a reliable method to assess Tgi at rest and during exercise. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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“…The physiology of defaecation and continence is critically reliant on intact anorectal sensation (Palit et al, 2012). The rectum and anus are richly innervated with mucosal receptors sensitive to temperature, pressure and stretch (Duthie and Gairns, 1960) disorders of anorectal sensation are associated with a number of functional bowel problems such as faecal incontinence, chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (Mertz et al, 1995;Chan et al, 2005;Vasudevan et al, 2007;Scott et al, 2011;Burgell and Scott, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%