The Physiology of Gas Exchange

Rodríguez-Roisín, Robert; Echazarreta, Andrés L.; Gómez, Federico P.; Barberà, Joan Albert; Stockley, Robert A.; Rennard, Stephen I.; Rabe, Klaus F.; Celli, Bartolomé R.

doi:10.1002/9780470755976.ch9

Cited by 1 publication

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“…is an example of Doppler OCT in a smoker with COPD compared with a smoker without COPD showing remodelling of the airway and adjacent blood vessel. Remodelling of the pulmonary muscular arteries, as well as precapillary vessels occurs with increasing severity of COPD 50 . Doppler OCT is a potentially useful method to study remodelling of the pulmonary vasculature in COPD, in addition to the remodelling process in the airway wall.…”

Section: Optical Coherence Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers in bronchoscopic imaging

2012

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Bronchoscopy is a minimally invasive method for diagnosis of diseases of the airways and the lung parenchyma. Standard bronchoscopy uses the reflectance/ scattering properties of white light from tissue to examine the macroscopic appearance of airways. It does not exploit the full spectrum of the optical properties of bronchial tissues. Advances in optical imaging such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal endomicroscopy, autofluorescence imaging and laser Raman spectroscopy are at the forefront to allow in vivo high-resolution probing of the microscopic structure, biochemical compositions and even molecular alterations in disease states. OCT can visualize cellular and extracellular structures at and below the tissue surface with near histological resolution, as well as to provide three-dimensional imaging of the airways. Cellular and subcellular imaging can be achieved using confocal endomicroscopy or endocytoscopy.Contrast associated with light absorption by haemoglobin can be used to highlight changes in microvascular structures in the subepithelium using narrow-band imaging. Blood vessels in the peribronchial space can be displayed using Doppler OCT. Biochemical compositions can be analysed with laser Raman spectroscopy, autofluorescence or multispectral imaging. Clinically, autofluorescence and narrow-band imaging have been found to be useful for localization of preneoplastic and neoplastic bronchial lesions. OCT can differentiate carcinoma in situ versus microinvasive cancer. Endoscopic optical imaging is a promising technology that can expand the horizon for studying the pathogenesis and progression of airway diseases such as COPD and asthma, as well as to evaluate the effect of novel therapy.

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Section: Optical Coherence Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%