The Physiology of Ethylene Formation

Burg, Stanley P.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.13.060162.001405

Cited by 272 publications

(149 citation statements)

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“…However, this large change in the magnitude of ethylene production can be misleading. The important point is when the tissue becomes more sensitive to ethylene and internal concentration reaches a threshold concentration required to induce biological responses (Burg 1962). Generally, concentrations of less than 1 μl l −1 saturate the ethylene receptors (Burg andBurg 1962, 1965a).…”

Section: Classical Distinctions Between Climacteric and Non-climactermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The important point is when the tissue becomes more sensitive to ethylene and internal concentration reaches a threshold concentration required to induce biological responses (Burg 1962). Generally, concentrations of less than 1 μl l −1 saturate the ethylene receptors (Burg andBurg 1962, 1965a). It is important to note that the rate of ethylene production vary widely among species and cultivars of climacteric fruits such as muskmelon, peach and kiwifruit (Kendall and Ng 1988;Miccolis and Saltveit 1991;Klozenbucher et al 1994 andXu et al 1998).…”

Section: Classical Distinctions Between Climacteric and Non-climactermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene—An overview

2011

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The process of fruit ripening is normally viewed distinctly in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. But, many fruits such as guava, melon, Japanese plum, Asian pear and pepper show climacteric as well as non-climacteric behaviour depending on the cultivar or genotype. Investigations on in planta levels of CO 2 and ethylene at various stages of fruits during ripening supported the role and involvement of changes in the rate of respiration and ethylene production in non-climacteric fruits such as strawberry, grapes and citrus. Non-climacteric fruits are also reported to respond to the exogenous application of ethylene. Comparative analysis of plant-attached and plant-detached fruits did not show similarity in their ripening behaviour. This disparity is being explained in view of 1. Hypothetical ripening inhibitor, 2. Differences in the production, release and endogenous levels of ethylene, 3. Sensitivity of fruits towards ethylene and 4. Variations in the gaseous microenvironment among fruits and their varieties. Detailed studies on genetic and inheritance patterns along with the application of '-omics' research indicated that ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent pathways coexist in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. Auxin levels also interact with ethylene in regulating ripening. These findings therefore reveal that the classification of fruits based on climacteric rise and/or ethylene production status is not very distinct or perfect. However, presence of a characteristic rise in CO 2 levels and a burst in ethylene production in some non-climacteric fruits as well as the presence of system 2 of ethylene production point to a ubiquitous role for ethylene in fruit ripening.

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Section: Classical Distinctions Between Climacteric and Non-climactermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Classical Distinctions Between Climacteric and Non-climactermentioning

confidence: 99%

The fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene—An overview

2011

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“…Thus, the chlorophylls instead of phytochromes appear to be the photoreceptors in this system. (3), and ethylene enhances the PAL synthesis in pea seedlings (12). The effect of injury in strawberry leaves could involve also the facilitated uptake of sucrose by the wounded tissue.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase in Strawberry Leaf Disks

Wong

Zucker

1974

Plant Physiol.

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The increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in strawberry (Fragaria vesca var. WSU-1232) leaf disks required wounding, sucrose, and light and was cycloheximidesensitive. In injured leaves and in leaf disks, the highest PAL activity was detected nearest the wounded tissues. Without wounding, no increase in activity was observed when leaves were cultured in sucrose and light.The optimal concentration of sucrose for enzyme activity increase ranged from 0.15 M to 0.4 M. At the suboptimal sucrose concentration, the level of PAL activity was dependent upon the concentration of sucrose. A low but constant level of activity was detected in leaf disks maintained in 0.15 M sucrose and in darkness. Light accelerated the rate of PAL increase but did not change the total level of enzyme activity which was determined by the sucrose concentration.Enzyme activity disappeared rapidly when leaf disks cultured in sucrose and light were transferred to darkness or to water in light. Unlike in Xanthium leaf disks, cycloheximide could not completely inhibit the decay of enzyme activity, suggesting that an inactivating system was synthesized during the induction period, and the activity of the inactivating system increased as the induction period lengthened.The effect of light on accumulation of PAL activity appeared to be linked to photosynthesis. In the presence of 25 AM 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea, the effect of light on enzyme increase was completely nullified. Addition of 25 u-NI 3-(3,4-dichlorphenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea to culture medium caused rapid decay of PAL activity from leaf disks which had been previously cultured in sucrose and light. The relation between effect of light and photosynthesis was further demonstrated by the action spectrum. Leaf disks incubated in sucrose and light of different wavelengths exhibited maximum accumulation of PAL activity at two wavelengths (475 nm and 625 nm). Action spectrum for protection against PAL decay exhibited a plateau at 475 to 525 nm and a peak at 625 nm.

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“…Several researchers have attempted to elucidate the possible influence of ethylene on plant tissue cultures (Burg 1962;Pratt and Goeschl 1969). It has been shown that the accumulation of ethylene in tightly closed culture vessels can have a dramatic effect on the morphology and physiology of the developing shoots Stacey 1981, 1984), resulting in plants with a stunted phenotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of regeneration of Lycopersicon pennellii protoplasts by decreasing ethylene production

et al. 1991

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Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 12-05-2018Plant Cell Reports (1991) 9:539-543 Summary. Lycopersicon pennellii shoots, cultured in vitro for more than a year (type I plants) produced few viable protoplasts in contrast to shoots cultured in vitro for less than five months (type II plants). Ethylene production of both plant types was compared. The low viability of plant type I protoplasts could be correlated with high ethylene production and an increased cell sap osmolality. The ethylene action inhibitor silver thiosulphate improved protoplast yield and viability, especially when using donor tissue, germinated and cultured on medium containing silver thiosulphate (type III plants). Moreover, the choice of cell wall degrading enzymes influenced protoplast viability, since ethylene release was significantly lower using Cellulase R 10 than CeUulysin. All improvements together resulted in an efficient protocol for the isolation and regeneration of L ycopersicon pennellii protoplasts, Plant Cell Reports

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The Physiology of Ethylene Formation

Cited by 272 publications

References 0 publications

The fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene—An overview

The fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene—An overview

Induction of Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase in Strawberry Leaf Disks

Improvement of regeneration of Lycopersicon pennellii protoplasts by decreasing ethylene production

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