The Physiology of Epicormic Bud Emergence in Pedunculate Oak (<i>Quercus robur</i> L.) Responses to Partial Notch Girdling in Thinned and Unthinned Stands

Wignall, T. A.; Browning, G.; Mackenzie, K. A. D.

doi:10.1093/forestry/60.1.45

Cited by 20 publications

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“…2b), consistent with previous studies such as Wignall et al (1987) in oak (Quercus robur L.) or Bachelard (1969) in Eucalyptus polyanthemos. Season of pruning was also found to be the most important factor affecting shoot initiation and growth in Prunus persica (Gordon et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Treatment corresponds to the combination between pruning intensity and epicormic branches treatment (1=1/3 pruned tree without epicormic shoots, 2=2/3 pruned tree without epicormic shoots, E1=1/3 pruned tree with epicormic shoots, E2=2/3 pruned tree with epicormic shoots). DF degrees of freedom entering dormancy early in the growing season (Wignall et al 1987), in this case due to the physiology of the bud itself, i.e., endodormancy (Lang 1987). When the epicormic branches produced in 2010 were left to grow on trees until the end of 2011, i.e., for two growing seasons (2011_old), the effect of pruning season was no longer significant and trees had similar numbers of epicormic shoots (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production and role of epicormic shoots in pruned hybrid poplar: effects of clone, pruning season and intensity

DesRochers

Maurin

Tarroux

2014

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract• Key message Pruning one third of crown length in summer produced the least number of epicormic branches after two growing seasons. Epicormic branches can be removed without compromising tree growth.• Context The formation of epicormic shoots is often observed following pruning treatments, but their role in the overall tree growth is unknown.• Aims The objectives of this study were to examine how pruning intensity and season affect the production of epicormic branches and how their presence (or removal) affects tree growth and total non-structural carbohydrate reserves in the roots.• Methods Trees from four hybrid poplar clones were pruned in fall, spring, and summer at two intensities 1/3 and 2/3 of the crown length and an unpruned control. Produced epicormic branches were removed from half the trees.• Results Pruning intensity and season were the most important factors affecting the number and biomass of epicormic shoots while clone was not. Pruning 1/3 crown length in summer reduced the emergence of epicormic shoots compared to 2/3 and spring or fall pruning. Two years after pruning, the removal of epicormic shoots did not affect height or diameter at breast height of trees, and their presence did not restore root total non-structural carbohydrates reserves to unpruned levels.• Conclusion We concluded that pruning should be done in summer at 1/3 of the crown length to reduce epicormic shoot formation and to avoid decreases in stem growth. If epicormic shoots appear, they can be removed without compromising tree growth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and role of epicormic shoots in pruned hybrid poplar: effects of clone, pruning season and intensity

DesRochers

Maurin

Tarroux

2014

Annals of Forest Science

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“…5 (9)). Indeed, epicormic buds have a weak intensity of endodormancy (definition from Lang, 1987) as demonstrated on several broadleaves (Champagnat, 1983;Mauget, 1984;Ricaud et al, 1995;Wignall et al, 1987). During the growth period, when the climatic conditions are satisfying (no ecodormancy), the epicormic bud burst is only under the influence of paradormancy.…”

Section: Towards General Framework and Methodologies For Epicormic Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the "downstream" segments ( Fig. 5 (12, 13)), it is known that the paradormancy can be easily broken by environmental factors which sometimes abruptly damage or weaken organs above the epicormic buds: defoliation, artificial or accidental girdling and pruning, flooding and water status (Arora et al, 2003;O'Hara and Valapil, 2000;Wignall et al, 1987).…”

Section: Towards General Framework and Methodologies For Epicormic Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epicormiques chez le chêne sessile âgé de 13 ans : un faible effet provenance et un effet légèrement plus fort du nombre de branches et d’unités de croissance

Colin

Ducousso

Fontaine³

2010

Ann. For. Sci.

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Ann. For. Sci. 67 (2010) Abstract• The provenance effect on epicormics is poorly documented and restricted to epicormic shoots. Our objective was to characterize the relationship between epicormics and provenance on 13-year-old Quercus petraea trees, taking into account their growth traits.• On the growth units (GU) studied, epicormics were essentially isolated buds (95%) and they were mainly located at branch bases, secondarily on GU limits and marginally on lateral position. Provenance effect was very small on the number of epicormics and slightly larger on the number of branches and GU limits. On the contrary, the growth situation -independently from provenance-proved to have a larger effect on the 2 latter growth traits.• Altogether, these results clearly show the predominant effect of morphological traits and thus of ontogeny. This opens important research perspectives: how growth conditions and genetics (at progeny and individual levels) influence height growth, setting and fate of axillary buds on the one hand and fate of epicormic buds inserted directly on the stem, or at branch bases on the other hand. • L'effet provenance sur les épicormiques est peu documenté et concerne exclusivement les gourmands. Notre objectif était de caractériser l'effet de la provenance sur les épicormiques présents sur des chênes sessiles âgés de 13 ans, décrits par des marqueurs de croissance. Mots-clés• Sur les unités de croissance (UC) décrites, les épicormiques sont essentiellement des bourgeons isolés (95 %), localisés à la base de branche, puis en limite d'UC et enfin en position latérale sur le tronc. L'effet provenance s'est avéré très faible sur le nombre d'épicormiques et légèrement plus fort sur le nombre de branches et d'UC développées. À l'inverse, un effet de la situation de croissance a été noté sur les deux derniers paramètres, et ceci indépendamment de la provenance.• L'ensemble des données obtenues montre une prédominance de l'effet des marqueurs morphologiques de l'arbre sur les épicormiques, et donc de l'ontogénèse. Ceci ouvre d'intéressantes perspectives de recherche : quels sont les effets des conditions de croissance et de la génétique (au niveau descendance et individuel) sur la croissance en hauteur, la mise en place et le devenir des bourgeons axillaires d'une part, et du devenir des bourgeons épicormiques, situés directement sur la tige ou en base de branches séquentielles d'autre part.

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“…For plant parts below the wound, bark stripping release outgrowth of dormant buds from apical dominance, which is controlled by the ratio of cytokinin to auxin (Cline et al 1997). Thus, the wound can stimulate resprouting from the lower trunk (Wignall et al 1987;Wignall and Browning 1988). These resprouting leaves may contain greater nitrogen and lower levels of defensive compounds (e.g., condensed tannin, total phenolics) and may facilitate insect herbivory (Danell and Huss-Danell 1985;Nakamura et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially distinct responses within willow to bark stripping by deer: effects on insect herbivory

Tanaka

Nakamura

2015

Sci Nat

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Within individual plants, cervid herbivory may cause positive or negative plant-mediated effects on insect herbivores, depending on where it occurs. Using a combination of field observations and artificial bark-stripping experiments in Hokkaido, Japan, we examined the plant-mediated effects of bark stripping by sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) on insect herbivory in two spatially distinct parts of willow (Salix udensis) trees: resprouting leaves below bark-stripping wounds and canopy leaves above. Natural and artificial bark stripping stimulated resprouting from trunks below wounds. Resprouting leaves on bark-stripped trees had lower total phenolics, condensed tannin, and C/N ratios than did canopy leaves on control trees. Herbivory rates were higher in resprouting leaves on bark-stripped trees than in canopy leaves on controls. Conversely, above-wound canopy leaves on bark-stripped trees had higher total phenolics than did those on controls, while herbivory rates were lower in the canopy leaves of bark-stripped trees than in those on controls. These results demonstrate that plant-mediated effects of bark stripping diverge between plant tissues below and above wounds in individual willow trees. We submit that focusing on multiple plant parts can elucidate plant-mediated effects at the whole-plant scale.

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The Physiology of Epicormic Bud Emergence in Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur L.) Responses to Partial Notch Girdling in Thinned and Unthinned Stands

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Production and role of epicormic shoots in pruned hybrid poplar: effects of clone, pruning season and intensity

Production and role of epicormic shoots in pruned hybrid poplar: effects of clone, pruning season and intensity

Epicormiques chez le chêne sessile âgé de 13 ans : un faible effet provenance et un effet légèrement plus fort du nombre de branches et d’unités de croissance

Spatially distinct responses within willow to bark stripping by deer: effects on insect herbivory

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