The ‘physiologization’ of skiing: the lab as an obligatory passage point for elite athletes?

Abstract

In The Pasteurization of France, Bruno Latour argued that the rise of hygiene was dependent on collaboration between Pasteur, the hygiene movement, scientists and others. He also pointed at the importance of obligatory passage points such as the Pasteurian laboratory, to ensure the scientization and rationalization of hygiene. This article argues that there has been a similar process in elite sports, a 'physiologization' where scientists, sport organizations and specialized coaches have transformed training from a deeply personal and experiential matter to something universal and scientific. Physiologists made the test lab an obligatory passage point for athletes who wanted to compete on the highest level. Through theories of sportification and science and technology studies this paper analyses the scientization of endurance sports.

The first elite sport training camp in France: Manitot (1912–1924)

“…The creation of the camp was the result of personal initiatives in a specific context. Boyer launched his sport camp with certain idealistic preconceptions, notably the concept of “natural training,” which had widespread adherents throughout France and Europe (Bourne, 2008; Cerutty, 1960; Howe, 2006; Svensson & Sörlin, 2019) in reaction to an increasingly industrial society. In Germany, gymnastic movements, such as wandervogel , meaning wandering bird, sought to shed the restrictions of urban society through a back‐to‐nature ethos.…”

Konsep dan aplikasi konseling olahraga bagi atlet; peluang dan tantangan

“…Prestasi merupakan tujuan yang ingin dicapai oleh para atlet dalam mencapai prestasi tersebut banyak hal yang harus dipersiapkan, salah satunya dan yang terpenting adalah kondisi psikologis yang baik (Gibson, 2019;Yulianto & Nashori, 2006). Keadaan psikologi yang sedang tidak baik dapat berpengaruh pada kondisi fisik (Jonsson, 2019;Kerr, 2019;Svensson & Sorlin, 2019).Emosi memiliki peranan penting dalam kehidupan (Krieger, Pieper, & Ritchie, 2019). Beberapa gejala emosi seperti rasa takut, cemas, banyaknya harapan, dan rasa senang mengikuti pertandingan dapat berpengaruh terhadap kondisi fisik atlet.…”

Test–retest reliability of ski‐specific aerobic, sprint, and neuromuscular performance tests in highly trained cross‐country skiers

“…Laboratory physiological testing has a long history in elite cross-country (XC) skiing and has become a standard feature to support the scientific training approach. 1 Testing allows athletes, coaches, and sport scientists to objectively assess the effects of training interventions, track progress, and identify athletic potential. 2 Quantifying XC skiing performance in the field remains a challenge because skiing velocity on snow and roller skis can fluctuate between sessions on the same track due to the variations in terrain topography and the ever-changing friction resistances influenced by changing snow conditions, pavement surface, and temperatures.…”

“…biathlon, Douglas bag, maximum oxygen uptake, Nordic ski, physiological testing, reproducibility national team to (1) assess key performance indicators, (2) establish intensity zones for endurance training, and (3) measure standardized skiing performance. In addition, the minimum detectable change (MDC) of performance measures was investigated so that practitioners could differentiate between typical between-day variations and actual performance changes.…”