The physiological responses of mild pulmonary impaired subjects while using a <i>“demand”</i> respirator during rest and work

Raven, Peter B.; Jackson, Allen W.; Page, Kimberly; Moss, R.E.; Bradley, O.D.; Skaggs, Barbara

doi:10.1080/15298668191419686

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A number of studies examined the physiologic effects of face masks in subjects with mild respiratory disease (eg, asthma, COPD, and chronic rhinitis) while performing simulated work tasks. [26][27][28][29] For example, Harber et al 26 reported that subjects with mild COPD or asthma experienced adverse effects on ventilation while wearing half-mask respirators, which differ from N95s. In their study, the subjects with severe COPD and with an FEV 1 < 50% predicted were excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of N95 Face Mask Use in Subjects With COPD

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND: The N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) is the most popular individual protective device to reduce exposure to particulate matter. However, concerns have been raised with regard to its use because it can increase respiratory resistance and dead space. Therefore, this study assessed the safety of N95 use in patients with COPD and air-flow limitation. METHODS: This prospective study was performed at a tertiary hospital and enrolled 97 subjects with COPD. The subjects were monitored for symptoms and physiologic variables during a 10min rest period and 6-min walking test while wearing an N95. RESULTS: Of the 97 subjects, 7 with COPD did not wear the N95 for the entire test duration. This mask-failure group showed higher British modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale scores and lower FEV 1 percent of predicted values than did the successful mask use group. A modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale score 6 3 (odds ratio 167, 95% CI 8.4 to >999.9; P 5 .008) or a FEV 1 < 30% predicted (odds ratio 163, 95% CI 7.4 to >999.9; P 5 .001) was associated with a risk of failure to wear the N95. Breathing frequency, blood oxygen saturation, and exhaled carbon dioxide levels also showed significant differences before and after N95 use. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that subjects with COPD who had modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale scores 6 3 or FEV 1 < 30% predicted wear N95s only with care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of N95 Face Mask Use in Subjects With COPD

et al. 2020

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“…There are studies in the medical literature showing that negative pressure respirators in normal subjects limit maximal aerobic exercise at high levels of exertion, and therefore reduce maximal work capacity [Arboelius et al, 1983;Bentley et al, 1973;Bjurstedt et al, 1979;Deno et al, 1981;Hodous, 1986;Raven, 1984;Raven et al, 1977Raven et al, , 1981aStemler and Craig, 1977].…”

Section: Increased Airways Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Medical evaluation for respirator use

et al. 2000

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The purpose of a respirator is to prevent the inhalation of harmful airborne substances or to provide a source of respirable air when breathing in oxygen‐deficient atmospheres. For a physician to recommend the use of respirator, general background information on respiratory‐protective devices is required. The first part of this clinical practice review describes the general aspects of industrial hygiene, respirators and a respirator‐certification program. The second part addresses matters related to medical certification for respirator use. Medical certification for respirators is an important part of the activities of the occupational physician. To determine whether a worker is able to tolerate the added strain of a respiratory protective device is a complex process in which factors such as fitness for work, health of the individual, characteristics of the work itself, and the properties, type, and requirements of the respiratory protective device, have to be considered. Medical certification is of utmost importance for respirator use, and it should be viewed as an element in a comprehensive respiratory protection program. A comprehensive program is the key element in affording the workers' effective respiratory protection once the initial steps of the hierarchy of methods of hazard control have proved insufficient or infeasible. As a result, the need for the industrial hygiene/safety officer, the worker, the employer and the medical professional to work as a team is much more than in any other field of occupational medicine—a necessary requirement for making the right decision. Am. J. Ind. Med. 37:142–157, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…Raven et al (121) found that PIF with a pressure-demand type respirator was lower compared to an unmasked condition during exercise, but not at rest. Furthermore, the degree of reduction in PIF was greater at higher work rates.…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace Breathing Rates: Defining Anticipated Values and Ranges for Respirator Certification Testing

Caretti¹,

Gardner²,

Coyne³

2004

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204. Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information N it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTTest methods currently used by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are designed to assure that respirators meet a minimum level of efficacy when tested under standard laboratory protocols. For air-purifying respirators (APRs), the primary performance tests most affected by airflow rate are filter gas-life capacity, particulate filter efficiency, and respirator breathing resistances. Presently, NIOSH measures all three parameters using constant-rate airflow conditions. An analysis of the measured and estimated minute volumes contained in the literature indicated a range from about 8 to 162 L'min' for unencumbered ventilation and work activities that spanned from mild to exhaustive. The mean minute volume of the distribution was 38.5 ± 16.6 L'min-1, and the median was 33.6 L-minin. Based on an empirical relationship between minute volume and peak inspiratory flow (PIF), peak flows between 72 L'min-' and 183 L'min-1 would be expected for the mean minute volume for 38.5 L'min'. The anticipated range of PIF rates for the 9 5 dh percentile minute volume is between 182 L-min-' and 295 L-min-'. The results of this literature review suggest an increase in cyclic flow rates used for respirator certification testing should be considered to better represent ventilation rates found in the workplace. Blank EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Test methods currently used by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are designed to assure that all respirators of a given type will meet a minimum level of efficacy when tested under standard laboratory protocols. The relevance and adequacy of airflow rates used in respirator certification testing has been a longstanding debate. The concern is that the current test flow rates substantially underestimate real world values, implying that filters certified under existing standards may not provide adequate protection. For qualifying airpurifying respirators (APRs), the primar...

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The physiological responses of mild pulmonary impaired subjects while using a “demand” respirator during rest and work

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Risks of N95 Face Mask Use in Subjects With COPD

Risks of N95 Face Mask Use in Subjects With COPD

Medical evaluation for respirator use

Workplace Breathing Rates: Defining Anticipated Values and Ranges for Respirator Certification Testing

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