The Physiological Response of Immersion in Cold Water and Cooling Rates During Swimming in a Group of Children Aged 10–11 Years

Bird, Flora; House, Jim; Tipton, Michael J.

doi:10.1123/ijare.2014-0080

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Swimmers were trained in the supine position at a lower water temperature (26 • C-28 • C) than in the present study (34 • C-35 • C). Considering that water temperature induces physiological and psychological changes [68,69] and adaptation to water temperature differs by age [70] and term [71], the distinct results shown in the present study might depend on water temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Does Long-Term Training in a Water Immersion Environment Change Interoception?

Baba

Sato

Otsuru

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to investigate individual interoception by comparing the responses of swimmers and baseball players when exposed to specific water environments, depending on training content and environment. Forty-eight healthy male university students were evaluated for their interoceptive response (accuracy, sensibility, and awareness) and heart rate following 25 min of water immersion (WI) at 35 °C. We assessed three conditions: pre-WI, during WI, and post-WI. The results indicated that interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) did not differ between groups because both swimming and baseball do not require emotional expression, as opposed to an activity such as dance. The heart rate was significantly decreased at post-WI compared to that at pre-WI. The IAcc of post-WI presented as higher than that of pre-WI. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between the ratio of IAcc and that of HR among subjects. Moreover, the attention regulation subscale of the MAIA changed in the WI environment and the ratio of IAcc was negatively correlated with that of the not-distracting subscale of the MAIA. These results suggested that interoception did not differ among the athletes who had long-term training, which enabled them to acquire multi-modal sensorimotor integration, compared to that of non-athlete control participants. We conclude that interoception did not differ among athletes who had long-term training compared to that of non-athlete control participants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Does Long-Term Training in a Water Immersion Environment Change Interoception?

Baba

Sato

Otsuru

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Participants marked their perceived thermal sensation and thermal comfort during all rest periods and exercise on two 20 cm continuous visual analog scales. 24,25 The thermal sensation questionnaire asks for perception of the ambient temperature with 9 equally spaced prompts ranging from very cold to very hot. The thermal comfort questionnaire asks for perceived satisfaction of the ambient environment with 6 equally spaced prompts ranging from very uncomfortable to very comfortable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Topical Capsaicin Cream on Thermoregulation and Perception While Walking in the Cold

Rosales,

Moler,

Engellant

et al. 2024

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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Introduction Capsaicin, a chili pepper extract, can stimulate increased skin blood flow (SkBF) with a perceived warming sensation on application areas. Larger surface area application may exert a more systemic thermoregulatory response. Capsaicin could assist with maintaining heat transport to the distal extremities, minimizing cold weather injury risk. However, the thermoregulatory and perceptual impact of topical capsaicin cream application prior to exercise in the cold is unknown. Methods Following application of either a 0.1% capsaicin or control cream to the upper and lower extremities (10 g total, ∼40–50% body surface area), 11 participants in shorts and a t-shirt were exposed to 30 min of cold (0 °C, 40% relative humidity). Exposures comprised of 5 min seated rest, 20 min walking (1.6 m·s−1, 5% grade), and 5 min seated rest. Temperature (skin, core), SkBF, skin conductivity, heart rate, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort were measured throughout. Results The capsaicin treatment did not differ from the control treatment in skin temperature (treatment mean: 30.0 ± 2.5, 30.1 ± 2.4 °C, respectively, p = 0.655), core temperature (treatment mean: 37.3 ± 0.5, 37.4 ± 0.4 °C, respectively, p = 0.113), SkBF (treatment mean: −8.4 ± 10.0, −11.1 ± 10.7 A.U., respectively, p = 0.492), skin conductivity (treatment mean: −0.7 ± 5.1, 0.4 ± 6.4 µS, respectively, p = 0.651), or heart rate (treatment mean: 83 ± 29, 85 ± 28 beats·minute−1, respectively, p = 0.234). The capsaicin and control treatments also did not differ in thermal sensation ( p = 0.521) and thermal comfort ( p = 0.982), with perceptual outcomes corresponding with feeling “cool” and “just uncomfortable,” respectively. Conclusions 0.1% topical capsaicin application to exposed limbs prior to walking in a cold environment does not alter whole-body thermoregulation or thermal perception.

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“…They later demonstrated that breath holding improves with psychological skills training alone (Barwood, Datta Avijit, Thelwell, & Tipton, 2007). Recent work by Bird and colleagues suggests that habituation in cold water is sustained for several months after training among young children (Bird, House, & Tipton, 2015a, 2015b. Barwood and colleagues (Barwood, Bates, Long, & Tipton, 2011) reported that floating first to help regain breath control is in fact aided because buoyancy is improved by air trapped in clothing.…”

Section: Breath Control Competencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to providing some insulation to the hypothermic effects of cold water immersion, the buoyancy also may help the victim to cope with CSR and importantly provide vital seconds to allow the victim to make rational decisions about how to extricate themselves from the situation (Golden & Tipton, 2002). Habituation, mental training, and/or knowledge about CSR can alleviate the reflexive increase in respiration rate with attenuating danger of hyperventilation (Bird et al, 2015a;2015b;Tipton et al, 1998;Barwood et al, 2006;Mantoni, Belhage, & Pott, 2006;Croft, et al, 2013). This new approach to sudden immersion in cold water has been termed the float first drowning prevention strategy (Barwood et al, 2011).…”

Section: Open Water Competencementioning

confidence: 99%

From Swimming Skill to Water Competence: Towards a More Inclusive Drowning Prevention Future

Stallman¹,

Moran²,

Quan³

et al. 2017

IJARE

119

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Brenner, Moran, Stallman, Gilchrist and McVan, (2006) recommended that "swimming ability be promoted as a necessary component of water competence, but with the understanding that swimming ability alone is [often] not sufficient to prevent drowning" (p. 116). Tradition and expert opinion are no longer enough. Science can now help us select essential competencies. What does research evidence show us about the protective value of specific individual personal competencies? Since the term "water competence'' was coined by Langendorfer and Bruya (1995) and adapted for drowning prevention by Moran (2013), it has gained in use and acceptance. As a construct, it is indeed more inclusive than "swimming skill'' alone for addressing drowning prevention. Our proposed taxonomy of water competencies re-emphasizes the need for a broad spectrum of physical aquatic competencies as well as the integration of cognitive and affective competencies. The purpose of this review article is to a) identify all the key elements of water competence, b) support each recommended type of water competence with examples of research evidence, and c) suggest areas requiring further research.

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The Physiological Response of Immersion in Cold Water and Cooling Rates During Swimming in a Group of Children Aged 10–11 Years

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Does Long-Term Training in a Water Immersion Environment Change Interoception?

Does Long-Term Training in a Water Immersion Environment Change Interoception?

Impact of Topical Capsaicin Cream on Thermoregulation and Perception While Walking in the Cold

From Swimming Skill to Water Competence: Towards a More Inclusive Drowning Prevention Future

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