The physiological demand of a task simulation varies when developed by independent groups of experiential experts

Hayes, Adam; Groeller, Herbert; Drain, Jace R.; Delbridge, Kent; Caldwell, Joanne N.

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103715

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…To characterize non-compliant suspect apprehensions, 91 general duty police officers (74 males, 17 females) and nine male Police Defensive Tactics (PDT) instructors from a national police force participated in a task simulation. This simulation, developed by experts with prior experience in apprehending non-compliant suspects, ensured representation from all Canadian regions, non-commissioned ranks, rural and urban policing environments, various sex/gender, visible minorities, and indigenous populations to mitigate bias [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical-tactical behavior analysis of general duty police officers during non-compliant suspect apprehensions: A novel approach to establish minimum force requirements

Poirier,

Blacklock,

Cao

et al. 2024

WOR

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BACKGROUND: Public safety relies on the efficient apprehension of non-compliant suspects. However, quantifying the minimum force required to destabilize an actively resistive suspect has remained a challenge. OBJECTIVE: To examine the technical-tactical behaviors of general duty police officers during simulated apprehensions and quantify the minimum force required to destabilize non-compliant suspects. METHODS: Task simulations conducted with 91 officers were analyzed to identify common grappling movements, strikes, control tactics, and changes in body posture. A separate assessment of 55 male officers aimed to determine the minimum force required for destabilization in five body regions (wrist, forearm, shoulder, mid-chest, and mid-back). Data are presented as mean±standard deviation. RESULTS: On average, apprehensions took 7.3±3.2 seconds. While all officers used grappling movements (100%) and the majority employed control tactics (75%), strikes were seldom used (4%). Apprehensions typically began with a two-handed pull (97%; Contact Phase), 55% then attempted an arm bar takedown, followed by a two-handed cross-body pull (68%; Transition/Control Phase), and a two-handed push to the ground (19%; Ground Phase). All officers began in the upright posture, with most shifting to squat (75%), kneel (58%), or bent (45%) postures to complete the apprehension. The minimum force required to disrupt balance differed across body regions (wrist: 54±12 kg; forearm: 49±12 kg; shoulder: 42±10 kg; mid-chest: 44±11 kg; mid-back: 30±7 kg, all P < 0.05), except between the shoulder and chest (P = 0.19). CONCLUSION: These findings provide insights that can enhance the design and accuracy of future apprehension evaluations and inform the optimization of law enforcement physical employment standards.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical-tactical behavior analysis of general duty police officers during non-compliant suspect apprehensions: A novel approach to establish minimum force requirements

Poirier,

Blacklock,

Cao

et al. 2024

WOR

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A physical demands analysis to identify and delineate critical physical tasks for physically demanding US air force occupations

Baumgartner,

Gruse,

Flerlage

et al. 2024

WOR

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BACKGROUND: Military physical fitness tests and standards often lack a scientific basis. Contrary to this traditional-historical precedent, US Air Force researchers use a “Two-Tier” health (Tier 1) and performance (Tier 2) approach to develop evidence-based criterion physical fitness tests, standards, and training. This study specifically and only addresses a physical demands analysis, the first step in a six-step process to develop Tier 2 occupationally specific, operationally relevant physical fitness tests and standards, and training guidance. OBJECTIVE: This study conducted a physical demands analysis to identify and delineate occupationally specific, operationally relevant critical physical tasks for eight physically demanding US Air Force occupational specialties. METHODS: A comprehensive five part physical demands analysis reviewed duty tasks, conducted focus groups, assessed incumbents, observed operational tasks, and interviewed senior leaders to detail critical physical tasks. RESULTS: The physical demands analysis delineated duty tasks to critical physical tasks for Special Tactics (556 to 40), Pararescue (981 to 50), Tactical Air Control (415 to 44), Special Operations Weather (586 to 50), Explosive Ordnance Disposal (1107 to 39), Security Forces (1286 to 25), Fire and Emergency Services (802 to 39), and Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (1099 to 25). CONCLUSIONS: The study approach proved efficacious for conducting a thorough physical demands analysis to identify and delineate occupationally specific, operationally relevant critical physical tasks for eight US Air Force physically demanding occupations. Critical physical tasks provide basis for the next overall research process step, developing physical task simulations to link to predictive physical fitness tests and training guidance.

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The physiological demand of a task simulation varies when developed by independent groups of experiential experts

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Technical-tactical behavior analysis of general duty police officers during non-compliant suspect apprehensions: A novel approach to establish minimum force requirements

Technical-tactical behavior analysis of general duty police officers during non-compliant suspect apprehensions: A novel approach to establish minimum force requirements

A physical demands analysis to identify and delineate critical physical tasks for physically demanding US air force occupations

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