The physiological construction of the neurone concept (1891–1952)

Barbara, Jean-Gaël

doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2006.03.014

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…What defines a neuron is a combination of these features [18,220]. One important function of neurons is the directed conduction of excitation (reviews [221-223]). Historic aspects of the physiological neuron concept have recently been reviewed by Barbara [221].…”

Section: Entriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Invertebrate neurophylogeny: suggested terms and definitions for a neuroanatomical glossary

et al. 2010

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BackgroundInvertebrate nervous systems are highly disparate between different taxa. This is reflected in the terminology used to describe them, which is very rich and often confusing. Even very general terms such as 'brain', 'nerve', and 'eye' have been used in various ways in the different animal groups, but no consensus on the exact meaning exists. This impedes our understanding of the architecture of the invertebrate nervous system in general and of evolutionary transformations of nervous system characters between different taxa.ResultsWe provide a glossary of invertebrate neuroanatomical terms with a precise and consistent terminology, taxon-independent and free of homology assumptions. This terminology is intended to form a basis for new morphological descriptions. A total of 47 terms are defined. Each entry consists of a definition, discouraged terms, and a background/comment section.ConclusionsThe use of our revised neuroanatomical terminology in any new descriptions of the anatomy of invertebrate nervous systems will improve the comparability of this organ system and its substructures between the various taxa, and finally even lead to better and more robust homology hypotheses.

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Section: Entriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One important function of neurons is the directed conduction of excitation (reviews [221-223]). Historic aspects of the physiological neuron concept have recently been reviewed by Barbara [221]. The neuronal cell body is called the soma (synonym perikaryon ).…”

Section: Entriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrate neurophylogeny: suggested terms and definitions for a neuroanatomical glossary

et al. 2010

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“…Most of these concepts focus on the evolution of excitability in Metazoa. The neuron concept (i.e., Ramon y Cajal 1937; Barbara 2006) has played a major role in hypotheses on nervous system evolution (e.g., Parker 1910, 1919; Hanström 1928; Pantin 1952, 1956; Grundfest 1959, 1965; Jones 1962; Passano 1963; Bullock & Horridge 1969; Mackie 1979, 1990; Leys & Meech 2006; Leys 2007; Meech & Mackie 2007; Schmidt‐Rhaesa 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary emergence of synaptic nervous systems: what can we learn from the non‐synaptic, nerveless Porifera?

Nickel

2010

Invertebrate Biology

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Abstract. The Porifera represent one of the only two recent nerveless and muscleless metazoan phyla. Nevertheless, sponges provide behavioral, physiological, pharmacological, morphological, and, more recently, an increasing amount of genetic evidence for a paracrine pre‐nervous integration system. Although this system might be derived, it allows us to draw conclusions, on the basis of comparative data, about the origin of the nervous system sensu stricto as found in the eumetazoan phyla. The goal of the present review is to compile recent evidence on the sponge integration systems. Based on this framework, new light is also shed on the evolutionary origin of the eumetazoan synaptic nervous systems, which can be regarded to form an evolutionary biochemical continuum with the paracrine signaling system in sponges. Thus, we can assume that the evolutionary transition from a paracrine‐dominated, pre‐nervous system to an electrochemically dominated, primordial nervous system resulted in part from compartmentalization effects. As intermediate evolutionary stages, regionalized synapse precursor areas might have occurred within pre‐nervous cells, which foreshadowed the highly organized synaptic scaffolds present in recent nerve cells of the Eumetazoa.

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“…Second, such syntheses, either local or more global, may fertilise distant research domains and contribute to the emergence of new ones, or modify the boundaries between existing ones. This is the way I have envisaged the creation of the neurone concept from a physiological perspective in the twentieth century and described its constitution as a scientific object (Barbara 2006a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay Between Scientific Theories and Researches on the Diseases of the Nervous System in the Nineteenth-Century, Paris

Barbara

2009

Medicine Studies

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In this paper, my aim is to understand the origin of experimental and scientific models of pathogeny of the diseases of the nervous system in the Salpêtrière (Paris). I will analyse the role of the contexts of cell theory, microscopy and the advances in histological techniques in the creation of various pathogenic models, based on the concept of the cell, the Wallerian degeneration and the neurone concept. I argue that, as medicine and pathology remain autonomous in their methods and goals, because of the evident degree of complexity of diseases, close and reciprocal interactions with sciences, their practices and theories, make it possible to establish convergences between clinical observations, pathological data and those from the experimental models of pathologies. The search for pathogenic models behaves like an engine, which is efficient in assembling facts, in testing pathogeneses and reforming nosologies, combined with the breakthroughs in biology. This paper is a case study showing the emergence of such interactions in the last decades of the nineteenth-century in Paris.

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The physiological construction of the neurone concept (1891–1952)

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Invertebrate neurophylogeny: suggested terms and definitions for a neuroanatomical glossary

Invertebrate neurophylogeny: suggested terms and definitions for a neuroanatomical glossary

Evolutionary emergence of synaptic nervous systems: what can we learn from the non‐synaptic, nerveless Porifera?

Interplay Between Scientific Theories and Researches on the Diseases of the Nervous System in the Nineteenth-Century, Paris

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