The physiological basis of ozone injury assessment attributes in Sierran conifers

Grulke, Nancy

doi:10.1016/s1474-8177(02)02003-x

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…which chlorotic mottle and needle retention are the basis of the assessment (Grulke 2003). Between 1977 and 1987, symptoms of ozone injury were found all over the Sierra Nevada in more than 20 percent of the sampled ponderosa and Jeffrey pines.…”

Section: Photos By Pierre Vollenweidermentioning

confidence: 99%

Science synthesis to support socioecological resilience in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Range

Long¹,

Quinn‐Davidson²,

Skinner³

2014

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Section: Photos By Pierre Vollenweidermentioning

confidence: 99%

Science synthesis to support socioecological resilience in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Range

Long¹,

Quinn‐Davidson²,

Skinner³

2014

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“…The reduction in pigment concentrations and ratios associated with visible O 3 damage is significant regardless of the spatial origin of the non‐O 3 –damaged needles. Furthermore, these results are based on the unique visible characteristics of O 3 –damaged needles, which can manifest in any location that has high enough ambient O 3 concentrations (Grulke, 2003; Stolte, 1996; Fenn et al, 2003). It has also been reported that ponderosa pines may be more sensitive to O 3 than Jeffrey pines, which suggests that O 3 –damaged ponderosa pines could have greater reductions in pigments and pigment ratios than Jeffrey pines (Miller et al, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physiologic evidence suggests that environmental and nutritional factors have a more direct effect on O 3 uptake than on visible responses to O 3 Changes in temperature, precipitation, and soil water availability cause changes in stomatal conductance, which effectively regulate the amount of O 3 that enters ponderosa pine needles and actually cause damage (Goldstein et al, 2003; Grulke, 2003; Panek, 2004). Arbaugh et al (2003) reported that ponderosa and Jeffrey pines at wet sites in the San Bernardino Mountains with high levels of pollution (O 3 , nitrogen deposition) have higher mortality rates and lower growth rates (from 1974 to 2000) than trees at drier, less polluted sites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment‐based Identification of Ozone‐Damaged Pine Needles as a Basis for Spectral Segregation of Needle Conditions

Vittorio

2009

J of Env Quality

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Air pollution affects large areas of forest, and field assessment of these effects is a costly, site-specific process. This paper establishes a biochemical basis for identifying ozone-damaged pine trees to facilitate efficient remote sensing assessment of air pollution damage. Several thousand live needles were collected from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Jeffrey pine (P. jeffreyi) trees at three sites in Plumas National Forest and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park. These needles were assembled into 504 samples (based on the abaxial surface) and grouped according to five dominant needle conditions (green, winter fleck, sucking insect damage, scale insect damage, and ozone damage) and a random mixture of needles. Pigment concentrations per unit needle area of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids were measured. The following pigment concentration ratios were calculated for all samples: chlorophyll a/total carotenoids, chlorophyll b/total carotenoids, total chlorophyll/carotenoids, chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b. The group of ozone-damaged needles had significantly lower mean pigment concentrations (family-wise p < 0.01) and significantly lower mean chlorophyll a/total carotenoid and total chlorophyll/total carotenoid ratios (family-wise p < 0.01) than all other groups of needles. Ozone-damaged needles had a significantly lower mean chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio than all other groups except one (family-wise p < 0.01). Linear discriminant analysis with three factors (chlorophyll a concentration, the chlorophyll a/carotenoid ratio, and the chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio) and subsequent maximum likelihood classification of damaged and non-damaged needles gave an overall cross-validated accuracy of 96%. These ozone-damaged needles are biochemically unique in relation to other needle conditions in this study, and further research is needed to generalize these results.

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“…In general, strong oxidant (O 3 , NO y , SO 2 ) exposure lowers photosynthetic capacity, increases respiration, results in stomatal dysfunction, reduces nutritional content and results in elemental imbalances. Strong oxidant exposure alters within‐plant priorities for resources: more reparation activities result in less C allocation to roots, less foliar biomass retention, higher nutrient content of excised tissues and shifts in quantity and location of stored carbohydrates (Grulke ; Paoletti & Grulke ).…”

Section: Ozone Effects On Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of the ‘disease triangle’ by chemical and physical environmental change

Chappelka

Grulke

2015

Plant Biol J

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The physical and chemical environment of the Earth has changed rapidly over the last 100 years and is predicted to continue to change into the foreseeable future. One of the main concerns with potential alterations in climate is the propensity for increases in the magnitude and frequency of extremes to occur. Even though precipitation is predicted to increase in some locations, in others precipitation is expected to decrease and evapotranspiration increase with air temperature, resulting in exacerbated drought in the future. Chemical [ozone (O3 ) and other air contaminants] and subsequent physical alterations in the environment will have a profound effect on the 'disease triangle' (a favourable environment, a susceptible host and a virulent pathogen) and should be included in any analysis of biological response to climate change. The chemical and physical environment affects plant health and alters plant susceptibility to insect and pathogen attack through increased frequency, duration and severity of drought and reduction in host vigour. The potential effects of climate change and O3 on tree diseases with emphasis on the western United States are discussed. We describe a generalised modelling approach to incorporate the complexities of the 'disease triangle' into dynamic vegetation models.

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The physiological basis of ozone injury assessment attributes in Sierran conifers

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Science synthesis to support socioecological resilience in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Range

Science synthesis to support socioecological resilience in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Range

Pigment‐based Identification of Ozone‐Damaged Pine Needles as a Basis for Spectral Segregation of Needle Conditions

Disruption of the ‘disease triangle’ by chemical and physical environmental change

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