The Physiological Basis of Differential Plant Sensitivity to Changes in Atmospheric Quality

Tingey, David T.; Andersen, Christian P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3060-1_12

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…3). Carbon costs associated with repair processes are thought to be less than for avoidance mechanisms associated with antioxidant synthesis (Tingey & Andersen, 1991). Nonetheless, tolerance and avoidance mechanisms both increase carbon demands and hence sink strength of shoots.…”

Section: Effect Of Ozone On Above‐ground Sources and Sinksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased Costs associated with Antioxidant Synthesis (Avoidance) Plants can avoid O 3 stress by synthesizing antioxidant compounds capable of scavenging free radicals before they interact with membrane lipids (Melhorn et al ., 1986; Alscher & Amthor, 1988; Tingey & Andersen, 1991). Some secondary metabolites are constitutive while others are inducible (Edwards & Wratten, 1983; Haukioja, 1990).…”

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Source–sink balance and carbon allocation below ground in plants exposed to ozone

2003

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Contents Summary 213 Introduction 213 Source–sink model: carbohydrate signaling 214 Effect of ozone on above‐ground sources and sinks 216 Decreased allocation below ground 218 Carbon flux to soils 220 Soil food web 223 Summary, conclusions and future research 223 Acknowledgements 223 References 223 Summary The role of tropospheric ozone in altering plant growth and development has been the subject of thousands of publications over the last several decades. Still, there is limited understanding regarding the possible effects of ozone on soil processes. In this review, the effects of ozone are discussed using the flow of carbon from the atmosphere, through the plant to soils, and back to the atmosphere as a framework. A conceptual model based on carbohydrate signaling is used to illustrate physiological changes in response to ozone, and to discuss possible feedbacks that may occur. Despite past emphasis on above‐ground effects, ozone has the potential to alter below‐ground processes and hence ecosystem characteristics in ways that are not currently being considered.

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Section: Effect Of Ozone On Above‐ground Sources and Sinksmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Source–sink balance and carbon allocation below ground in plants exposed to ozone

2003

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“…The mechanism(s) underlying such shifts in O $ resistance require further investigation in this species. Based on the conceptual model proposed by Tingey & Andersen (1991) there is the expectation that this phenomenon might be mediated via effects on pollutant uptake (i.e. through changes in stomatal conductance) and\or changes in the tolerance of plant tissues following uptake (i.e.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of plant age on ozone resistance in Plantago major

Lyons¹,

Barnes²

1998

New Phytologist

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$ on growth and reproductive performance confirmed the sensitivity of the population to the pollutant. In the absence of the development of typical visible symptoms of foliar damage, the total d. wt of plants maintained in O $ over a 56-d period was 35 % lower than that of control plants. However, the impact of the pollutant was found to decrease as plants aged. Plant relative growth rate (R E ) was only affected in seedlings, suggesting that effects of O $ on seedling growth were largely responsible for the decrease in accumulated biomass ; the growth rate of older plants was not affected by O $ . The observed shift in O $ resistance with plant age was mediated by both ' acclimation ' and ontogenetic changes. ' Acclimation ' was not associated with changes in O $ uptake, and there was some evidence to support the existence of compensatory growth responses. In addition to effects on vegetative growth, plants exhibited an O $ -induced decline in reproductive performance ; O $ reducing the number of flower spikes and seed capsules produced per plant. Ozone episodes administered at different stages of development indicated that reproductive development was particularly sensitive to O $ during the early stages of flowering.The findings of this study are discussed in relation to evolutionary adaptation to O $ in natural plant communities.The importance of plant age, prior exposure to the pollutant and the timing of O $ episodes in relation to plant developmental stage are highlighted.

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“…Levitt's definition of stress can be modified to include any environmental factor with the capacity to elicit a chemical or physical change (metabolic adjustment), regardless of whether the change is beneficial or detrimental to the organism. An organism's response to stress may involve interactions among various avoidance and tolerance mechanisms (Tingey and Anderson, 1991;Tingey and Taylor, 1982;Taylor, 1978). Stress avoidance mechanisms influence the amount and rate at which stress will reach the target site in the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of adverse soil conditions on the formation and function of Arbuscular mycorrhizas

Entry

Rygiewicz

Watrud

et al. 2002

Advances in Environmental Research

202

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The majority of plants have mycorrhizal fungi associated with them. Mycorrhizal fungi are ecologically significant because they form relationships in and on the roots of a host plant in a symbiotic association. The host plant provides the fungus with soluble carbon sources, and the fungus provides the host plant with an increased capacity to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Adverse conditions are a pervasive feature in both natural and agronomic soils. The soil environment is constantly changing with regard to moisture, temperature and nutrient availability. In addition, soil properties are often manipulated to improve crop yields. In many cases, soils may be contaminated through disposal of chemicals that are toxic to plants and microorganisms. The formation and function of mycorrhizal relationships are affected by edaphic conditions such as soil composition, moisture, temperature, pH, cation exchange capacity, and also by anthropogenic stressors including soil compaction, metals and pesticides. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are of interest for their reported roles in alleviation of diverse soil-associated plant stressors, including those induced by metals and polychlorinated aliphatic and phenolic pollutants. Much mycorrhizal research has investigated the impact of extremes in water, temperature, pH and inorganic nutrient availability on mycorrhizal formation and nutrient acquisition. Evaluation of the efficacy of plant-mycorrhizal associations to remediate soils contaminated with toxic materials deserves increased attention. Before the full potential benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to reclaim contaminated soils can be realized, research advances are needed to improve our understanding of the physiology of mycorrhizae subjected to adverse physical and chemical conditions. This paper will review literature and discuss the implications of soil contamination on formation and function of arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. C

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The Physiological Basis of Differential Plant Sensitivity to Changes in Atmospheric Quality

Cited by 17 publications

References 108 publications

Source–sink balance and carbon allocation below ground in plants exposed to ozone

Source–sink balance and carbon allocation below ground in plants exposed to ozone

Influence of plant age on ozone resistance in Plantago major

Influence of adverse soil conditions on the formation and function of Arbuscular mycorrhizas

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