The Physiological and Productivity Effects of Heat Stress in Cattle – A Review

Herbut, Piotr; Angrecka, Sabina; Godyń, Dorota; Hoffmann, Gundula

doi:10.2478/aoas-2019-0011

Cited by 73 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Heat stress has negative effects on cow welfare and productivity and projected future increases in temperature and humidity could lead to more significant negative implications for livestock productivity [49]. The exposure of high-milk-producing cows to heat stress conditions results in significant changes in their physiological and biochemical parameters, and therefore an assessment of the impact of THI on performance is important to mitigate any negative effects of heat stress [50]. All the physiological parameters measured in the present study were positively correlated with THI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress Impacts on Lactating Cows Grazing Australian Summer Pastures on an Automatic Robotic Dairy

Osei-Amponsah

Dunshea

Leury

et al. 2020

Animals

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The objective of this study was to measure the impacts of summer heat events on physiological parameters (body temperature, respiratory rate and panting scores), grazing behaviour and production parameters of lactating Holstein Friesian cows managed on an Automated Robotic Dairy during Australian summer. The severity of heat stress was measured using Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) and impacts of different THIs—low (≤72), moderate (73–82) and high (≥83)—on physiological responses and production performance were measured. There was a highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) effect of THI on respiratory rate (66.7, 84.7 and 109.1/min), panting scores (1.4, 1.9 and 2.3) and average body temperature of cows (38.4, 39.4 and 41.5 °C), which increased as THI increased from low to moderate to high over the summer. Average milk production parameters were also significantly (p ≤ 0.01) affected by THI, such that daily milk production dropped by 14% from low to high THI, milk temperature and fat% increased by 3%, whilst protein% increased by 2%. The lactation stage of cow had no significant effect on physiological parameters but affected (p ≤ 0.05) average daily milk yield and milk solids. Highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive correlations were obtained between THI and milk temperature, fat% and protein% whilst the reverse was observed between THI and milk yield, feed intake and rumination time. Under moderate and high THI, most cows sought shade, spent more time around watering points and showed signs of distress (excessive salivation and open mouth panting). In view of the expected future increase in the frequency and severity of heat events, additional strategies including selection and breeding for thermotolerance and dietary interventions to improve resilience of cows need to be pursued.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress Impacts on Lactating Cows Grazing Australian Summer Pastures on an Automatic Robotic Dairy

Osei-Amponsah

Dunshea

Leury

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Conversely, autumn-calving heifers could experience heat stress only at the end of the lactation, when the milk production is already lower. Heat stress causes diverse physiological changes in dairy cattle: dry matter intake is reduced, activity decreases, sweating and panting can be observed, along with increased heart rate, respiratory rate, and many times, increased body temperature [28,29]. Hormonal alterations also occur, but in this regard, it is often difficult to separate the effects of reduced dry matter intake and the direct effects of heat.…”

Section: Season Of Calvingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The long-term adaptation mechanism induces a shift in energy metabolism to decrease metabolic heat production. The negative energy balance caused by reduced dry matter intake leads to increased mobilization of glucose and muscle-derived proteins, because their biological oxidation produces less heat compared to the oxidation of fatty acids [28,29]. Therefore, blood insulin concentration increases during heat stress, which leads to the decrease of blood glucose concentration.…”

Section: Season Of Calvingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of dairy heifer reproduction with survival to first calving, milk yield and culling risk in the first lactation

Fodor

Láng

Ózsvári³

2020

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the associations of heifer reproductive performance with survival up to the first calving, first-lactation milk yield, and the probability of being culled within 50 days after first calving. Methods: Data from 33 large Holstein-Friesian commercial dairy herds were gathered from the official milk recording database in Hungary. The data of heifers first inseminated between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2014 were analyzed retrospectively, using Cox proportional hazards models, competing risks models, multivariate linear and logistic mixed-effects models. Results: Heifers (n = 35,128) with younger age at conception were more likely to remain in the herd until calving, and each additional month in age at conception increased culling risk by 5.1%. Season of birth was related to first-lactation milk yield (MY1; n = 19,931), with cows born in autumn having the highest milk production (p<0.001). The highest MY1 was achieved by heifers that first calved between 22.00 and 25.99 months of age. Heifers that calved in autumn had the highest MY1, whereas calving in summer was related to the lowest milk production (p<0.001). The risk of culling within 50 days in milk in first lactation (n = 21,225) increased along with first calving age, e.g. heifers that first calved after 30 months of age were 5.52-times more likely to be culled compared to heifers that calved before 22 months of age (p<0.001). Calving difficulty was related to higher culling risk in early lactation (p<0.001). Heifers that required caesarean section were 24.01-times more likely to leave the herd within 50 days after first calving compared to heifers that needed no assistance (p<0.001). Conclusion: Reproductive performance of replacement heifers is closely linked to longevity and milk production in dairy herds.

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“…In general, automatic detection methods focus on one of two types of indicators, i.e., environment-based indicators and animal-based indicators [14]. For instance, in the assessment of heat stress both environment-based indicators, such as ambient temperature, and animal-based indicators, such as respiratory rate, could be measured (e.g., [15,16]). While studies often focus on testing the performance of one automatic detection method, several studies have found that integrating data from different detection methods improves the detection performance (e.g., [17,18]; reviewed by [19]) and commercial systems that integrate several parameters, such as RumiWatch (Itin + Hoch GmbH, Liestal, Switzerland [20]) and Cow Manager SensOor (Agis Automatisering BV, Harmelen, the Netherlands [21]), have been suggested to outperform systems with less or one parameter [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Welfare Indicators of Indoor-Housed Dairy Cow as a Basis for Integrated Automatic Welfare Assessment Systems

Leliveld

Provolo

2020

Animals

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For on-farm welfare assessment many automatic methods have been developed to detect indicators of reduced welfare. However, there is still a need to integrate data from single sources to obtain a complete picture of the welfare of an animal. This review offers a basis for developing integrated automatic systems to assess dairy cow welfare by providing an overview of the main issues that challenge cow welfare (e.g., lameness) and of well-established indicators that could detect these issues on the farm. Based on a literature review of 4 reviews on cow welfare in general and 48 reviews on single welfare issues, we identified 18 different major welfare issues and 76 matching indicators that could be detected automatically on the farm. Several indicators, e.g., feed intake, showed a consistent association with welfare across many different issues. Although some of these indicators are discussed critically, this means there are many indicators that potentially could detect reduced welfare in general. Other types of indicators could detect one specific welfare issue, e.g., increased respiratory rate for heat stress. These different types of indicators combined provide a basis to develop integrated automatic systems that ultimately would help farmers to detect welfare problems at an early stage.

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The Physiological and Productivity Effects of Heat Stress in Cattle – A Review

Cited by 73 publications

References 78 publications

Heat Stress Impacts on Lactating Cows Grazing Australian Summer Pastures on an Automatic Robotic Dairy

Heat Stress Impacts on Lactating Cows Grazing Australian Summer Pastures on an Automatic Robotic Dairy

Relationship of dairy heifer reproduction with survival to first calving, milk yield and culling risk in the first lactation

A Review of Welfare Indicators of Indoor-Housed Dairy Cow as a Basis for Integrated Automatic Welfare Assessment Systems

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