The Physics of Free Electron Lasers

Saldin, E.L.; Schneidmiller, E.A.; Yurkov, M.V.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-04066-9

Cited by 573 publications

(744 citation statements)

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“…The electron bunch arrival time at the entrance to the undulator must be controlled much more tightly than the bunch duration. With such stable electron bunches, ultra-short pulse lasers can be used for targeted electron-beam manipulation, such as slicing with near-infrared few-cycle pulses [101] or seeding with ultraviolet HHG [102]. When the slicing or seeding lasers are tightly synchronized with pump-probe lasers, much higher precision X-ray/optical pump-probe experiments are possible.…”

Section: Large-scale Optical and Microwave Timing Synchronization Sysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond‐precision ultrafast photonics

Kim

Kärtner

2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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We review our recent progress toward attosecondprecision ultrafast photonics based on ultra-low timing jitter optical pulse trains from mode-locked lasers. In femtosecond mode-locked lasers, the concentration of a large number of photons in an extremely short pulse duration enables the scaling of timing jitter into the attosecond regime. To characterize such jitter levels, we developed new attosecond-resolution measurement techniques and show that standard fiber lasers can achieve sub-fs high-frequency jitter. By leveraging the ultralow jitter of free-running mode-locked lasers, we pursued highprecision optical-optical and optical-microwave synchronization techniques. Optical signals spanning 1.5 octaves were synthesized by attosecond-precision timing and phase synchronization of two independent mode-locked lasers. High-stability microwave signals were also synthesized from mode-locked lasers with drift-free sub-10-fs precision. We further demonstrated the attosecond-precision distribution of optical pulse trains to remote locations via timing-stabilized fiber links. Finally, the application of optical pulse trains for high-resolution sampling and analog-to-digital conversion is discussed.The ultra-low timing jitter of optical pulse trains from femtosecond mode-locked lasers can be used for the attosecond-precision generation, distribution, measurement, and synchronization of optical and microwave signals.

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Section: Large-scale Optical and Microwave Timing Synchronization Sysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond‐precision ultrafast photonics

Kim

Kärtner

2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…Because exact analytical solutions of three-dimensional FEL equations are typically intractable, numerical codes such as GENESIS [6] and GINGER [7] are used for practical FEL designs. However, there do exist some analytical treatments [8][9][10][11][12] that can provide insight into the delicate phase-space dynamics of electrons, statistical characteristics of FEL radiation, and can be used for testing the validity of the assumptions made in the FEL codes. The FEL linear regime describing the initial amplification of the density perturbation is frequently used for in-depth analysis of FEL physics, and most treatments assume a wide electron beam copropagating with the TEM wave.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exact solutions for the growth rates of the FEL system for a cold beam and a beam with a Lorentzian energy distribution are known [10,12]. These both yield a cubic polynomial with one growing mode and two oscillating/ decaying modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Free-electron laser growing modes and their bandwidths

Webb

Litvinenko

Wang

2012

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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The behavior of free-electron laser amplification in the small signal linear regime can be understood by studying the dispersion relation derived from the electron energy distribution. A thorough understanding of the growth modes in this regime is of great value in understanding numerical results obtained using simulations. In this paper we show that for a typical bell-shape energy distribution in the electron beam there is not more than one growing mode. We also derive an analytical expression, which determines the bandwidth of the free-electron laser. We also discuss the limitation on the number of growing modes for the case of beam energy distributions with multiple peaks.

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“…If we want to make the ratio (Psi Pn)out much larger than unity, (Psi Pn)in nlust reach values of about 10 9 . To estimate the required value of the peak power of the seed laser pulse it is convenient to introduce the notion of an effective power of shot noise P sh , which is usually used for numerical simulation of the SASE FEL with steady-state codes (see for exalTIple [18]). For the visible range of the spectrum the effective shot noise power for usual SASE FEL parameters is about P sh ~ 10 2 W. This lTIeanS that successful operation of the X-ray HGHG FEL requires a seed power of about 100 GW, but this value is beyond the output power of the FEL amplifier at saturation (P sat ~ 10 GW).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%