The Physics of Earthquakes

Kanamori, Hiroo; Brodsky, Emily E.

doi:10.1063/1.1387590

Cited by 353 publications

(404 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Experimental studies of dynamic friction confirm that slip weakening by up to one order of magnitude is common as the slip rate approaches values inferred for large earthquakes, though the mechanisms of weakening are debated 13,14 . The evolution of the coefficient of friction on a fault surface during and after an earthquake is time-dependent 15 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

Sutherland

Townend

Toy

et al. 2017

Nature

108

174

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mentioning

confidence: 98%

Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

Sutherland

Townend

Toy

et al. 2017

Nature

108

174

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“…The plate interface at regions of great subduction zone earthquakes is often thought to consist of interfingering areas of contrasting frictional properties, which are ultimately controlling the feedback of pre-, co-and post-seismic processes (Kanamori and Brodsky, 2001). The asperity model (Lay and Kanamori, 1981) describes the subduction interface as consisting of asperities which build up stress inter-seismically and fail suddenly while the surrounding interface creeps.…”

Section: Implications For Mechanics Of the Subduction Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

A high-resolution, time-variable afterslip model for the 2010 Maule Mw = 8.8, Chile megathrust earthquake

Bedford

Moreno

Báez

et al. 2013

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

111

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Editor: P. ShearerKeywords: subduction post-seismic megathrust afterslip GPS MauleThe excellent spatial coverage of continuous GPS stations in the region affected by the Maule 8.8 2010 earthquake, combined with the proximity of the coast to the seismogenic zone, allows us to model megathrust afterslip on the plate interface with unprecedented detail. We invert post-seismic observations from continuous GPS sites to derive a time-variable model of the first 420 d of afterslip. We also invert co-seismic GPS displacements to create a new co-seismic slip model. The afterslip pattern appears to be transient and non-stationary, with the cumulative afterslip pattern being formed from afterslip pulses. Changes in static stress on the plate interface from the co-and post-seismic slip cannot solely explain the aftershock patterns, suggesting that another process -perhaps fluid related -is controlling the lower magnitude aftershocks. We use aftershock data to quantify the seismic coupling distribution during the post-seismic phase.Comparison of the post-seismic behaviour to interseismic locking suggests that highly locked regions do not necessarily behave as rate-weakening in the post-seismic period. By comparing the inter-seismic locking, co-seismic slip, afterslip, and aftershocks we attempt to classify the heterogeneous frictional behaviour of the plate interface.

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“…Nevertheless the character of dynamics of seismic processes remains the subject of intense discussions because it is directly related to the problem of earthquake prediction. Critics of earthquake prediction (Kagan, 1994;Kagan, 1997;Geller, 1999;Kanamori and Brodsky, 2001), etc. regard seismic process as completely random, while its proponents consider it as complex and high-dimensional though not random (Main, 1997;Wyss, 1997;Chelidze and Matcharashvili, 2003;Knopoff, 1999), etc.…”

Section: Detection Of Nonrandom Nonlinear Structure In Geophysical Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Complex Processes Based on Analysis of Phase Space Structures

Matcharashvili

Chélidzé

Janiashvili³

Imaging for Detection and Identification

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Abstract. The problem of investigation of temporal and/or spatial behavior of highly nonlinear or complex natural systems has long been of fundamental scientific interest. At the same time it is presently well understood that identification of dynamics of processes in complex natural systems, through their qualitative description and quantitative evaluation, is far from a purely academic question and has an essential practical importance. This is quite understandable as systems with complex dynamics abound in nature and examples can be found in very different areas such as medicine and biology (rhythms, physiological cycles, epidemics), atmosphere (climate and weather change), geophysics (tides, earthquakes, volcanoes, magnetic field variations), economy (financial markets behavior, exchange rates), engineering (friction, fracturing), communication (electronic networks, internet packet dynamics) etc. The past two decades of research on qualitative and especially quantitative investigations of dynamics of real processes of different origin brought significant progress in the understanding of behavior of natural processes. At the same time serious drawbacks have also been revealed. This is why exhaustive investigation of dynamical properties of complex processes for scientific, engineering or practical purposes is now recognized as one of the main scientific challenges. Much attention is paid to elaboration of appropriate methods aiming to measuring the complexity of both global and local dynamical behaviors from the observed data sets -time series. This chapter presents a short overview of modern methods of qualitative and quantitative evaluation of dynamics of complex natural processes such as calculation of Lyapunov exponents and fractal dimensions, recurrence plots and recurrence quantification analysis. Other related methods are also described. The traditional approach to studying dynamical behavior of complex nonlinear systems is to reconstruct from observation scalar time series state or phase space plot. This graph indicates how the systems behavior changes over the time. We focus on the methods of identification and quantitative evaluation of complex dynamics that are based on the testing of evolutionary and geometric properties of phase space graphs as images of investigated complex dynamics. For practical examples of the application c 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands.of nonlinear methods for identification of complex natural processes, our results on medical, geophysical, hydrological, and stick-slip time series analysis are presented.

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The Physics of Earthquakes

Abstract: Seismologists have never directly observed rupture in Earth’s interior. Instead, they glean information from seismic waves, geodetic measurements, and numerical experiments.

Cited by 353 publications

References 10 publications

Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

A high-resolution, time-variable afterslip model for the 2010 Maule Mw = 8.8, Chile megathrust earthquake

Identification of Complex Processes Based on Analysis of Phase Space Structures

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