The physicochemical basis of the biological activity and pharmacological properties of the antiviral agent Panavir

Antiviral potential of plant polysaccharide nanoparticles actuating non-specific immunity

“…One of the crucial issues regarding the Panavir physiological action is the ability of rather large Panavir particles to penetrate the cells' cytoplasm. Considering the size of these particles' condensed nucleus equaling ∼150 nm [ 15 ], the most probable way of penetration should be phagocytosis.…”

“…The spectrum also contained the broadened bands in the range of 1450–1200 cm -1 , which can be attributed to deformation C–H bonds, asymmetric vibration in CH 2 group, and C=O bond stretching. The absence of the iodine coloring indicates the cross-linking of the hexose polymers, which prevents the formation of the channel-type clathrates responsible for the characteristic blue coloring [ 15 , 23 ]. The X-Ray spectra of the dried Panavir demonstrated only amorphous halo without any signs of ordering (data not shown.…”

“…We have previously shown that the particles of a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide extracted from potato shoots (Panavir) have a broad spectrum of antiviral activity [ [14] , [15] , [16] ]. The antiviral activity was demonstrated against the broad spectrum of germs, including both DNA and RNA-containing viruses, such as, for example, animal coronaviruses – the close relatives of SARS-CoV-2, and also against influenza virus, herpes, cytomegalovirus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, human papillomavirus, and the virus of hepatitis C. Such a broadness of the pharmacological activity of the drug forces to search its action mechanism among the non-specific immunological reactions.…”

Antiviral activity of the high-molecular-weight plant polysaccharides (Panavir®)

“…It also contains some uronic acids (2-5%), traces of lipids, and peptides and proteins, first of all, RuBisCo (less than 1% in total). The absence of iodine coloring indicates the cross-linking of the hexose polymers, which prevents the formation of the channeltype clathrates responsible required for the characteristic blue coloring [1].…”

“…EM investigation of a residual after drying of the solution gave an estimate of about 250 nm. The average molecular weight of these particles was estimated as 3•10 9 Da [1,2].…”