The Physical and Mental Growth of Prematurely Born Children

Hess, Julius H.; Mohr, George J.; Bartelme, Phyllis F.

doi:10.1097/00005053-193507000-00065

Cited by 30 publications

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“…With respect to height and weight these results are in agreement with recent work. The findings for sitting height and bi-iliac (intercristal) diameter are in agreement with those of Hess et al (1934) in the United States.…”

Section: Discussiosupporting

confidence: 85%

“…A considerable number of growth studies on prematurely born children have been carried out since 1919 when Ylppo (1920) published the first major report on this subject (Capper, 1928;Hess, Mohr andBartelme, 1934: von Sydow, 1936;Illingworth, 1939;Brander, 1941;Levine and Gordon, 1942;Asher, 1946;Drillien, 1948;Alm, 1953;Douglas and Mogford, 1953). The earlier results are unreliable and contradictory, but later workers agree in general that premature infants remain a little below average in height and weight.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Anthropometric Study of Prematurely Born Children at the Age of 5 Years

Speirs¹

1956

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Section: Discussiosupporting

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Anthropometric Study of Prematurely Born Children at the Age of 5 Years

Speirs¹

1956

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…A similar finding has been reported by other authors and has been attributed by some to the increased risk to the small premature infant of cerebral damage at the time of delivery. In an oft-quoted report, Hess (1934) maintained that premature birth unassociated with intracranial injury does not affect mental development. More recently Douglas (1956) has written that these severe defects are usually associated with a history of birth injury which is relatively common among premature children.…”

Section: Mental Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstetric Hazard, Mental Retardation and Behaviour Disturbance in Primary School

Drillien

1963

Develop Med Child Neuro

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SUMMARY The effect of low birth‐weight and complications of pregnancy and delivery on mental ability and behaviour at the age of seven years has been studied in a group of Edinburgh‐born children included in a longitudinal survey now in its 9th year. Reasons are given for thinking that obstetrical hazard is not a major factor in the causation of gross defect. An excess of behaviour disturbance observed in school was significantly associated with low birth‐weight, pregnancy and delivery complications and post‐natal familial stress. It is suggested that these obstetrical hazards may lower the child's resistance to adverse factors in the post‐natal environment. RÉSUMÉ Complications obstétricales, retard mental et troubles du comportement à l'école primaire Une enquète poursuivie depuis 9 ans chez un groupe d'enfants nés àÉdimbourg étudie les effets d'un faible poids de naissance et de complications pendant la grossesse et l'accouchement sur les facultés mentales et le comportement à l'âge de 7 ans. On expose les raisons qui portent à penser que les complications obstétricales ne constituent pas un facteur majeur dans l'étiologie des déficiences graves. Les troubles accrus du comportement observés à l'école étaient associés de façon significative avec un poids de naissance faible, des complications pendant la grossesse et l'accouchement et des difficultés familiales pendant la période post‐natale. On a suggéré que ces complications obstétricales pourraient abaisser la résistance de l'enfant aux facteurs adverses dans son milieu post‐natal. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Geburtsrisiko, geistige Minderentwicklung und Verhaltungsstörungen in der Volksschule Die Auswirkung des niedrigen Geburtsgewichtes, komplizierter Schwangerschaft und Entbindung auf die geistigen Fähigkeiten und das Verhalten siebenjähriger Kinder wurde in einer Gruppe von in Edinburgh geborenen Kindern untersucht, einschliesslich einer Longotudinalübersicht, die nun in ihrem neunten Jahr steht. Es werden Gründe angegeben, aus denen es sich erschliessen lässt, dass das Geburtsrisiko allein nicht als wichtiger Faktor in der Aethiologie der grossen Defekte zu bezeichnen ist. Verhaltungsstörungen in grösserem Ausmasse, die in Schulen beobachtet wurden, konnten auf bedeutsame Weise mit niedrigem Geburtsgewicht verbunden werden, sowohl wie mit Schwangerschaftsund Entbindungskomplikationen und Familienstress nach der Geburt. Es wird darauf hingedeutet, dass derartige Geburtsrisikos die Wiederstandskraft des Kindes gegen schädliche Faktoren unmittelbar der Geburt folgend, herabsetzt.

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“…-Correlations of Measurements With Birth Weight and Gestational Age at Birth,1 Year, and 2Y¡ Years of Age *…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physical Development of Prematurely Born Negro Infants

Heimer¹

1965

Am J Dis Child

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Downloaded From: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/ by a Oakland University User on 06/02/2015 the increments were corrected to express growth for 12 weeks within each interval.f The analyses reported here involved long intervals as the term children were seen only three times. The corrected increments, therefore, represented the mean 12-week growth rate during either the first year of life or during the inter¬ val between 1 and 2Y¿ years of life.Statistical Analyses.-The data on each sex were analyzed separately. In obtaining the mean and stand¬ ard deviations, the data on the prematurely born children were further divided into either birth weight groups (up to 1250 gm, 1,251-1,750 gm, and 1,751-2,100 gm) or into groups based on the presence or absence of neurological abnormalities (19% of the children were noted to have abnormalities at 2Y¡. years of age).13 No birth-weight breakdown was made for the term children. Furthermore, all the term children examined at 2Yi years were neurologically normal. Classification into three birth-weight groups and two neurological categories simultaneously was not feasible, as the number of subjects in some of the subgroups would have been too small for meaningful statistical analyses.Pearson product-moment correlations were obtained both for the measurements and for the increments t Example : The difference between the weight of a child seen at 55 weeks after birth and that of the same child seen at 133 weeks after birth was multi¬ plied by 12/(133-55). The product represented the mean rate of growth in weight per 12 weeks for the 1to 2i/2-year interval. 1 16 1,087.0 115.0 .0 -11.0 52 1,654.8 • The time in weeks from birth at which the observations were made are presented in the text.t Weight is expressed in grams through the fifth examination (1 year) and thereafter in kilograms. } CA is the chronological age or time from birth; CCA is the chronological age corrected for the number of weeks of prematurity as de¬ termined from birth weight. Since the gestational age of premature infants is less than that for full-term infants taken as 40 weeks, the cor¬ rected ages at the earlier examinations are expressed as negative numbers. § The mean birth weight of those examined at 2 y¿ years of age was 1,624 gm for the neurologically impaired males and 1,818 gm for the nor¬ mal males (i = 2.67, <0.01). | Total applies both for groups classified by birth weight and by neurological diagnosis. The mean weight of the normal boys was significantly greater than that of the impaired boys (f = 3.50, <0.01). # The mean birth weight of those examined at 2 years of age was 1,611 gm for the neurologically impaired females and 1,722 gm for the normal females (Í = 1.17).Downloaded From: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/ by a Oakland University User on 06/02/2015 t The mean height of the boys of higher birth weight 1,751-2,100 gm) was significantly greater than that of the boys of lower birth weight (up to 1,750 gm) (Í = 2.50, <0.05). § The mean birth weight of those examined at 2 years of age was 1,624 ...

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The Physical and Mental Growth of Prematurely Born Children

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

An Anthropometric Study of Prematurely Born Children at the Age of 5 Years

An Anthropometric Study of Prematurely Born Children at the Age of 5 Years

Obstetric Hazard, Mental Retardation and Behaviour Disturbance in Primary School

The Physical Development of Prematurely Born Negro Infants

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