The physical and mathematical foundations of the intranuclear cascade model algorithm

Бунаков, В. Е.; Matvejev, G. V.

doi:10.1007/bf01412089

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this context it is assumed that the first stage of the reaction can be described as an avalanche of independent binary collisions. The INC scheme can be derived from the usual nuclear transport equations under suitable approximations [9,10] and its numerical solution can be efficiently tackled on today's computers. The INC model is essentially classical, with the addition of a few suitable ingredients that mimic genuine quantum-mechanical features of the initial conditions and of the dynamics: For instance, target nucleons are endowed with Fermi motion, realistic space densities are used, the output of binary collisions is random, and elementary nucleon-nucleon collisions are subject to Pauli blocking.…”

Section: A Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the description of proton-induced one-nucleon removal in intranuclear-cascade models

et al. 2015

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It is a well-established fact that intranuclear-cascade models generally overestimate the cross sections for one-proton removal from heavy, stable nuclei by a high-energy proton beam, but they yield reasonable predictions for one-neutron removal from the same nuclei and for one-nucleon removal from light targets. We use simple shell-model calculations to investigate the reasons for this deficiency. We find that a refined description of the neutron skin and of the energy density in the nuclear surface is crucial for the aforementioned observables, and that neither ingredient is sufficient if taken separately. As a by-product, the predictions for removal of several nucleons are also improved by the refined treatment.

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Section: A Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the description of proton-induced one-nucleon removal in intranuclear-cascade models

et al. 2015

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“…Above some 100 MeV incident energy, the nucleon-nucleus reaction dynamics can be described as a sequence of independent nucleon-nucleon interactions taking place in a common mean-field potential [14,15]. This approximation gives rise to the intranuclear-cascade (INC) class of models, which help shed some light on the reaction mechanism and have proven predictive even below their nominal low-energy limit of validity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension of the Liège intranuclear-cascade model to reactions induced by light nuclei

et al. 2014

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The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we present the extension of the Liège intranuclear-cascade model to reactions induced by light ions. We describe here the ideas upon which we built our treatment of nucleus-nucleus reactions and we compare the model predictions against a vast set of heterogeneous experimental data. In spite of the discussed limitations of the intranuclear-cascade scheme, we find that our model yields valid predictions for a number of observables and positions itself as one of the most attractive alternatives available to GEANT4 users for the simulation of light-ion-induced reactions. Second, we describe the C++ version of the code, which is physicswise equivalent to the legacy version, is available in GEANT4, and will serve as the basis for all future development of the model.

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“…It is then tempting to solve this equation by simulations. This is an exact method for the drift term and it has been shown that the INC procedure provides an exact handling of the collision term, for the average (over events) one-body distribution [21,22]. One has, however, to keep in mind that the INC model is doing more than solving Eq.…”

Section: The Theoretical Foundations Of the Inc Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, there is no theoretical indication on how to separate large and small momentum transfer effects (see, however, an interesting discussion in Ref. [21]). In INCL4, soft collisions, defined by a maximum c.m.…”

Section: A Priori Conditions Of Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Short Introduction to Spallation Reactions

Cugnon

2011

Few-Body Syst

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Spallation reactions, as well as the standard theoretical tool for their study, namely the intra-nuclear cascade (INC) + evaporation model, are briefly introduced. The theoretical foundations and the domain of validity of the INC model are discussed in some detail. IntroductionThe name "spallation reactions" refers in general to a high-energy hadron-nucleus reaction in the ∼200 MeV to ∼3 GeV incident energy range. 1 This specification of the energy range makes the definition more oriented towards the results of the reactions, which are sketched below, rather than on a particular reaction mechanism. We will actually argue in this paper that the reaction mechanism which prevails in the above-mentioned energy range does not change really when the incident energy decreases from 200 MeV down to a few tens of MeV. Likewise, the reaction mechanism does not really change either when the incident energy goes over the 3 GeV limit, as discussed in another presentation to this conference [1]. In Sect. 2 we will shortly review the properties of spallation reactions, in particular those that are important for technological applications, which, in turn, have largely contributed to the revived interest in these reactions. In Sect. 3, the standard theoretical tool, namely the intra-nuclear cascade (INC) + evaporation model is briefly introduced. The foundations of this empirical model are discussed in Sect. 4, in connection with transport theories. In Sect. 5, the most important assumptions of both INC and transport theories are examined. Section 6 contains our conclusion. Properties of the Spallation ReactionsThe main property of the spallation reactions is a copious emission of light particles, mostly neutrons. The neutron multiplicity distribution for a typical case is shown in Fig. 1. On the average, about 15 neutrons are emitted. Light charged particles (protons, deuterons, tritons, etc.) and pions are also produced, at smaller (typically by an order of magnitude) rates. As a result, the target residue may be substantially lighter than the original target nucleus.This main property is enhanced when a high-energy proton beam hits a macroscopic piece of heavy metal, a so-called spallation source. The interaction process can be viewed as an iteration of microscopic spallation Presented at the workshop "30 years of strong interactions", Spa, Belgium, 6-8 April 2011.1 By extension, reactions induced by light nuclei with a kinetic energy per nucleon in the same energy range, are also denoted as "spallation reactions".

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The physical and mathematical foundations of the intranuclear cascade model algorithm

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Improving the description of proton-induced one-nucleon removal in intranuclear-cascade models

Improving the description of proton-induced one-nucleon removal in intranuclear-cascade models

Extension of the Liège intranuclear-cascade model to reactions induced by light nuclei

A Short Introduction to Spallation Reactions

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