The Physical and Dynamical Oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea

Robinson, Allan R.; Golnaraghi, Maryam

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0870-6_12

Cited by 78 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This picture is in sharp contrast to the picture originally proposed by the POEM group (1992), in which the surface/sub-surface waters carry the AW into the Levantine as an open sea central eastward current. This continues as the Mid Mediterranean Jet (MMJ) splitting into several branches (Robinson et al, 1991Robinson and Golnaraghi, 1994;Malanotte-Rizzoli et al, 1997, 1999Malanotte-Rizzoli and the LIWEX group, 2003). Furthermore, observational work comprising several oceanographic surveys carried out in the CYCLOPS experiment (Zodiatis et al, 2005) and the recent works by Schroeder et al (2012) and especially Menna et al (2012) demonstrate unambiguously the existence of the MMJ.…”

Section: Present Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large, long-lasting anticyclonic eddies are regularly generated in the Algerian Current, most probably because of the baroclinic instability of this current flowing along the African coast. A number of large, recurrent, continuously evolving structures connected by jets and separated by fronts (Robinson and Golnaraghi, 1994) have been observed in the surface waters of both sub-basins. In recent years the mesoscale activity in the Mediterranean has been a matter of scientific discussion, and is not the subject of this section.…”

Section: Mesoscale Impact On Primary Producersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Atlantic Ionian Stream (AIS) enters the eastern Mediterranean through the Strait of Sicily and usually follows the southern coast of Italy and the western coast of Greece (Robinson and Golnaraghi, 1994). Recent studies (e.g., Borzelli et al, 2009;Gačić et al, 2010) have shown that during certain periods the AIS can follow a more southerly pathway when the overall northwestern Ionian circulation switches from anticylonic to cyclonic.…”

Section: Present Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research

Artale²,

et al. 2014

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Abstract. This paper is the outcome of a workshop held in Rome in November 2011 on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the POEM (Physical Oceanography of the Eastern Mediterranean) program. In the workshop discussions, a number of unresolved issues were identified for the physical and biogeochemical properties of the Mediterranean Sea as a whole, i.e., comprising the Western and Eastern sub-basins. Over the successive two years, the related ideas were discussed among the group of scientists who participated in the workshop and who have contributed to the writing of this paper.Three major topics were identified, each of them being the object of a section divided into a number of different subsections, each addressing a specific physical, chemical or biological issue:1. Assessment of basin-wide physical/biochemical properties, of their variability and interactions.2. Relative importance of external forcing functions (wind stress, heat/moisture fluxes, forcing through straits) vs. internal variability.3. Shelf/deep sea interactions and exchanges of physical/biogeochemical properties and how they affect the sub-basin circulation and property distribution.Furthermore, a number of unresolved scientific/methodological issues were also identified and are reported in each sub-section after a short discussion of the present knowledge. They represent the collegial consensus of the scientists contributing to the paper. Naturally, the unresolved issues presented here constitute the choice of the authors and therefore they may not be exhaustive and/or complete. The overall goal is to stimulate a broader interdisciplinary discussion among the scientists of the Mediterranean oceanographic community, leading to enhanced collaborative efforts and exciting future discoveries.

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Section: Present Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mesoscale Impact On Primary Producersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Present Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research

Artale²,

et al. 2014

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“…In addition multi-mission gridded satellite altimetry data are used (Fenoglio-Marc 2002;Cazenave et al 2002;Pascual et al 2009), which in the version for the global ocean are not suitable for resolving the sea-level variability due to the meso-scale dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea (Robinson and Golnaraghi 1994;Robinson et al 2001;Pinardi et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea-level variability in the Mediterranean Sea from altimetry and tide gauges

et al. 2016

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mean sea-level and the coastal stations. From 1993 to 2012, the mean sea-level trend (2.44 ± 0.5 mm year −1 ) was found to be affected by the positive anomalies of 2010 and 2011, which were observed in all the cases analysed and were mainly distributed in the eastern part of the basin. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition showed that these events were related to the processes that have dominant periodicities of ∼10 years, and positive residual sea-level trend were generally observed in both data-sets. In terms of mean sea-level trends, a significant positive sea-level trend (>95 %) in the Mediterranean Sea was found on the basis of at least 15 years of data.

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“…The importance of the Mediterranean Sea for the global ocean system stems from its possible impact on the circulation and characteristics of the Atlantic Ocean and consequently on the global thermohaline circulation cell. A large number of studies support the global importance of the Mediterranean Sea [e.g., Malanotte-Rizzoli and Robinson, 1988;Robinson and Golnaraghi, 1994;Robinson et al, 2001;Malanotte-Rizzoli et al, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense intermediate water outflow from the Cretan Sea: A salinity driven, recurrent phenomenon, connected to thermohaline circulation changes

et al. 2014

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Data collected from different platforms in the Cretan Sea during the 2000s decade present evidence of gradually increasing salinity in the intermediate and deep intermediate layers after the middle of the decade. The observed gradual salt transport toward the deeper layers indicates contributions of dense water masses formed in various Aegean Sea subbasins. The accumulation of these saline and dense water masses in the Cretan Sea finally led to outflow from both Cretan Straits, with density greater than typical Levantine/Cretan Intermediate water but not dense enough to penetrate into the deep layers of the Eastern Mediterranean. We name this outflowing water mass as dense Cretan Intermediate Water (dCIW). A retrospective analysis of in situ data and literature references during the last four decades shows that similar events have occurred in the past in two occasions: (a) in the 1970s and (b) during the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) onset (1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991). We argue that these salinity-driven Aegean outflows are mostly attributed to recurrent changes of the Eastern Mediterranean upper thermohaline circulation that create favorable dense water formation conditions in the Aegean Sea through salinity preconditioning. We identify these phenomena as ''EMT-like'' events and argue that in these cases internal thermohaline mechanisms dominate over atmospheric forcing in dense water production. However, intense atmospheric forcing over an already salinity preconditioned basin is indispensable for creating massive deep water outflow from the Cretan Sea, such as the EMT event.

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The Physical and Dynamical Oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea

Cited by 78 publications

References 45 publications

Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research

Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research

Sea-level variability in the Mediterranean Sea from altimetry and tide gauges

Dense intermediate water outflow from the Cretan Sea: A salinity driven, recurrent phenomenon, connected to thermohaline circulation changes

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