The Physical Activity of Obese Girls

Stunkard, Albert J.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1962.02080020829011

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Researchers working with humans suggest that obese children appear to be less active than their nonobese age mates (Burch, 1940;Johnson et al, 1956;Stefanik et al, 1959;Stunkard and Pestka, 1962;Rose and Mayer, 1968;Mack and Kleinhenz, 1974;Wilkinson et al, 1977). The male-female differences in the degree to which canalization occurred may be explained in part by the above mechanisms and in part by gender differences in body composition, physiology, and behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal nutrition and longitudinal growth in baboons: Adiposity measured by skinfold thickness

Coelho

Rutenberg

1989

American J Hum Biol

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This paper reports the results of a 5 year longitudinal experiment that (1) examined growth in adiposity of a group of 48 clinically normal olive savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) who were randomly assigned at birth to one of three diet treatments that differed, during the first 16 weeks, in the amount of nutrients they provided; (2) tested the hypothesis that different amounts of food availability during the neonatal period (birth to 16 weeks) had a significant effect on growth and development of adiposity in the subsequent infant, juvenile, and adolescent periods; and (3) evaluated the extent to which underfed (LC) and overfed (HC) subjects were capable of growth canalization. Each diet contained different caloric densities but the same proportion of fat (34%), carbohydrate (55%), and protein (11%). All animals were fed the same volume of formula; however, HC subject were fed 40% more calories than MC subjects, who were fed 40% more calories than the LC subjects. Growth and development of adiposity were assessed by measuring neck, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfolds weekly from birth to 16 weeks and at 13 week intervals from 26 to 260 weeks of age. We found that during the first 16 weeks of the experiments, baboon growth was strongly influenced by food shortages but not by excesses; however, when the dietary treatment ceased, growth appeared to be strongly regulated by a genetic component (developmental canalization) and tended to return to a more normal growth pattern within a 26 week time frame. Males and females exhibited differences in adipose development in that males did not exhibit residual treatment effects while females tended to retain the effects of neonatal dietary treatments through early adolescence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal nutrition and longitudinal growth in baboons: Adiposity measured by skinfold thickness

Coelho

Rutenberg

1989

American J Hum Biol

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“…In contrast, Mota et al 16 have shown that habitual PA levels were higher in non‐obese girls than obese girls; but there were no differences in habitual PA between obese and non‐obese boys. Still other studies of youth have not seen significant relationships between habitual physical activity levels and body fat or BMI 17–20. These aforementioned studies are cross‐sectional in design and, although they give us some insights into the relationship of habitual PA and weight status, they do not allow us to determine how physical activity interacts with weight gain or loss in a pediatric population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Influence of physical activity on change in weight status as children become adolescents

McMurray¹,

Harrell²,

Creighton³

et al. 2008

International Journal of Pediatric Obesity

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Overweight children as young as 9 years old are already participating in less PA than normal weight youth. Although PA declined from childhood to adolescence, overweight girls with normalized weight status, had less of a decline in MPA or VPA than normal weight girls who became overweight. The data highlight the complexity of the interrelationship between physical activity and weight gain or loss. These data suggest that habitual physical activity levels, especially in girls, may have a role in adolescents attaining a healthy weight status.

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“…Although there are good examples of an inverse relationship between obesity and physical activity in children, 81,82 and a positive relationship between obesity and physical inactivity, 83 some indices of physical activity (freeliving activity energy expenditure) are positively related to fatness and do not predict the development of body fat in children. 26 In addition, although it is generally agreed that television may be related to the onset of obesity and reduced physical activity in children, 45,59 with some prospective data suggesting that television viewing (as a marker for inactivity) in children predicts the development of obesity over time, 82 these relationships are not supported by all prior studies.…”

Section: Physical Activity and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of physical activity in the prevention of obesity in children

1999

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The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and its concomitant health risks justify widespread efforts toward prevention. Although both diet and physical activity have been emphasized as appropriate interventions, the current paper focuses on the role of physical activity in obesity prevention. Children's levels of physical activity are highly variable, and may be in¯uenced by a multitude of factors including physiological, psychological, sociocultural and environmental determinants. Although the relationship between physical activity and obesity is controversial and the protective mechanism unclear, physical activity is hypothesized to protect individuals from the development of obesity by increasing energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate (RMR) and leading to a favourable fuel utilization. The bene®cial effect of physical activity in children is supported by controlled exercise intervention programs. Several broad-based public health interventions designed to increase children's levels of physical activity have been implemented in schools, families and communities, with results suggesting promising strategies for the prevention of childhood obesity. It is likely that successful prevention of childhood obesity through physical activity promotion will involve theory-based, culturally appropriate school, family and community interventions. Through policy changes, environmental planning and educational efforts in schools and communities, increased opportunities and encouragement for physical activity can be provided.

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The Physical Activity of Obese Girls

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Neonatal nutrition and longitudinal growth in baboons: Adiposity measured by skinfold thickness

Neonatal nutrition and longitudinal growth in baboons: Adiposity measured by skinfold thickness

Influence of physical activity on change in weight status as children become adolescents

Role of physical activity in the prevention of obesity in children

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