The Phylogeny of the Spleen

Udroiu, Ion; Sgura, Antonella

doi:10.1086/695327

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Extramedullary haematopoiesis in adults can generally occur in some conditions of infection, inflammation, severe anaemia and cancer (De Back, Kostova, Kraaij, Berg, & Bruggen, ; Boes & Durham, ; Bronte & Pittet, ). High extramedullary haematopoiesis is also normally found in Eulipotyphla and Rodentia spleen throughout their life which is characterized by the high number of erythroid and myeloid in the red pulp (Barthold, Griffey, & Percy, ; Cesta, ; Udroiu, ; Ward et al, ). This study found no megakaryocyte in the red pulp of the three bat species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spleen morphophysiology of fruit bats

Hanadhita

Rahma

Prawira

et al. 2019

Anat Histol Embryol

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Spleen is one of the important lymphoid organs with wide variations of morphological and physiological functions according to species. Morphology and function of the spleen in bats, which are hosts to several viral strains without exhibiting clinical symptoms, remain to be fully elucidated. This study aims to examine the spleen morphology of fruit bats associated with their physiological functions. Spleen histological observations were performed in three fruit bats species: Cynopterus titthaecheilus (n = 9), Rousettus leschenaultii (n = 3) and Pteropus vampyrus (n = 3). The spleens of these fruit bats were surrounded by a thin capsule. Red pulp consisted of splenic cord and wide vascular space filled with blood. Ellipsoids in all three studied species were found numerously and adjacent to one another forming macrophages aggregates. White pulp consisted of periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS), lymphoid follicles and marginal zone. The lymphoid follicle contained a germinal centre and a tingible body macrophage that might reflect an active immune system. The marginal zone was prominent and well developed. This study reports some differences in spleen structure of fruit bats compared to other bat species previously reported and discusses possible physiological implications of the spleen based on its morphology. K E Y W O R D S flying foxes, histology, immunology, morphology, physiology, viral reservoir

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spleen morphophysiology of fruit bats

Hanadhita

Rahma

Prawira

et al. 2019

Anat Histol Embryol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…PELS structures have previously been reported in poultry and reptiles that do not have an MZ structure. Ellipsoid and PELS structures replace the MZ function as blood spleen barrier, in animals that do not possess MZ structure (Bao, Li, Wang, Qin, & Xu, 2009;Neely & Flajnik, 2017;Sun et al, 2019;Udroiu & Sgura, 2017;Zhang et al, 2015). No previous studies have been reported concerning the existence of PELS structures in mammals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular matrix composition of different spleen compartments of fruit bats

Hanadhita

Rahma

Wahid

et al. 2019

Anat Histol Embryol

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The distribution and composition of extracellular matrix (ECM) of the spleen in two species of fruit bats, namely Cynopterus titthaecheilus and Rousettus leschenaultii, were examined by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Reticular fibres accompanied by laminin were identified to make up the splenic stromal network. Types I and III collagen were identified in various spleen compartments with varying intensities. Thin and short elastin fibres were scattered in several parts of the spleen. Visualization of the ECM of the spleen can better demonstrate spleen compartmentalization. The alleged vascular space structure in the fruit bats spleen was the sinus structure that was strengthened by the presence of reticular fibres that limit the sinus basement membrane. The present study identified periellipsoidal lymphoid sheath (PELS)‐like structure in fruit bats spleen that had never been identified in mammals before. In addition to describing the structure, this study highlighted the variations in ECM composition of the spleen between species that can provide new insight into the phylogenetic study of spleen morphology.

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“…Similar to mammalian immune system, fish also own secondary lymphoid organs such as kidney, spleen, liver and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT). The spleen is a dark brown color pulp occupies with reticular cell network and leukocytes such as lymphocytes and macrophages (Sales et al, 2017;Udroiu and Sgura, 2017). The functions of spleen are including for hematopoiesis support, antibody production, erythrocytic destruction, blood filtration and antigen degradation during an immune response (Lewis et al, 2019).…”

Section: Fish Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Omics Tools for Understanding the Fish Immune Response Due to Microbial Challenge

et al. 2021

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Nowadays, fish production through aquaculture and wild capture is escalating due to the higher fish protein demand for human consumption. Thus, the needs for fish products to be improved in scale and quality are becoming increasingly important to meet the nutrition requirements. The negative impacts caused by pathogens infection both in hatchery and grow-out ponds, have resulted in low aquaculture productivity and economic losses for the farmers. Therefore, a systematic study exploring relevant omics datasets through a systems biology approach will enable scientist to describe the complexity and characteristics of interactions in the host-pathogen network, leading to identifying new targets or biomarkers for diseases infection caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The use of different approaches and emerging technologies as a powerful tool in obtaining a new knowledge for sustainable aquaculture production has been increasingly applied by many researchers over the years. In this paper, several omics approaches used to assess the fish immune response were reviewed. A brief description is provided for the omics approaches applicable to aquacultures, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Each tool used are contributes to develop better treatment and prevention strategies to overcome aquaculture disease due to the microbial infections. In genomics and transcriptomics analysis, their parallel approach involving gene expression studies play important role in identifying immune-related genes of the host, response to infectious diseases. While for proteomics and metabolomics approaches, these omics will provide information on the biomarker discovery and understanding the immune-related biosynthetic pathway during pathogen infection. Additionally, examples of the integrative analysis of multi-omics tools required for researchers to better understand the biological systems of aquatic animals especially fish, will also be provided.

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The Phylogeny of the Spleen

Cited by 19 publications

References 95 publications

The spleen morphophysiology of fruit bats

The spleen morphophysiology of fruit bats

Extracellular matrix composition of different spleen compartments of fruit bats

Integration of Omics Tools for Understanding the Fish Immune Response Due to Microbial Challenge

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