The Phylogeny of a Species-Level Tendency: Species Heritability and Possible Deep Origins of Bergmann's Rule in Tetrapods

Queiroz, Alan de; Ashton, Kyle G.

doi:10.1554/03-596

Cited by 42 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, body temperature is weakly associated with body size in some mammalian lineages, and inclusion of body temperature in the relationship between metabolic rate and body mass decreases the estimated scaling exponent of metabolic rate (443). Similarly, in accordance with Bergmann's rule (24), body size generally increases with latitude in endotherms (e.g., 14,15,32,275), and some, but not all, groups of ectotherm (3,25,66,85). This potentially introduces a problem when describing the relationship between metabolic rate and body mass, because species from highlatitude and cold environments often have higher metabolic rates than those from warmer environments (e.g., 4,11,186,194,238,385,391,392,430,431,449).…”

Section: Size-dependent Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Metabolic Scaling in Animals: Methods, Empirical Results, and Theoretical Explanations

White

Kearney

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

164

174

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Life on earth spans a size range of around 21 orders of magnitude across species and can span a range of more than 6 orders of magnitude within species of animal. The effect of size on physiology is, therefore, enormous and is typically expressed by how physiological phenomena scale with mass(b). When b ≠ 1 a trait does not vary in direct proportion to mass and is said to scale allometrically. The study of allometric scaling goes back to at least the time of Galileo Galilei, and published scaling relationships are now available for hundreds of traits. Here, the methods of scaling analysis are reviewed, using examples for a range of traits with an emphasis on those related to metabolism in animals. Where necessary, new relationships have been generated from published data using modern phylogenetically informed techniques. During recent decades one of the most controversial scaling relationships has been that between metabolic rate and body mass and a number of explanations have been proposed for the scaling of this trait. Examples of these mechanistic explanations for metabolic scaling are reviewed, and suggestions made for comparing between them. Finally, the conceptual links between metabolic scaling and ecological patterns are examined, emphasizing the distinction between (1) the hypothesis that size- and temperature-dependent variation among species and individuals in metabolic rate influences ecological processes at levels of organization from individuals to the biosphere and (2) mechanistic explanations for metabolic rate that may explain the size- and temperature-dependence of this trait.

show abstract

Section: Size-dependent Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Metabolic Scaling in Animals: Methods, Empirical Results, and Theoretical Explanations

White

Kearney

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

164

174

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Phylogenetic effects are known to influence spatial trends in body size (de Queiroz & Ashton 2004). We tested these effects indirectly (in the absence of a well-resolved cladogram) by comparing the latitudinal patterns of body size at the class level (Cephalopoda) to those at the order level, namely Sepiida and Sepiolida (cuttlefishes), Teuthida (squids) and Octopodida (octopods).…”

Section: Effects Of Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental determinants of latitudinal size-trends in cephalopods

Rosa¹,

González²,

Dierssen³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding patterns of body size variation is a fundamental goal in ecology, but although well studied in the terrestrial biota, little is known about broad-scale latitudinal trends of body size in marine fauna and much less about the factors that drive them. We conducted a comprehensive survey of interspecific body size patterns in coastal cephalopod mollusks, covering both hemispheres in the western and eastern Atlantic. We investigated the relationship between body size and thermal energy, resource and habitat availability and depth ranges. Both latitude and depth range had a significant effect on maximum body size in each of the major cephalopod groups (cuttlefishes, squids and octopuses). We observed significant negative associations between sea surface temperature (SST) and body size. No consistent relationships between body size and either net primary productivity (NPP), habitat extent (shelf area) or environmental variation (range of SST and NPP) were found. Thus, temperature seemed to play the most important role in structuring the distribution of cephalopod body size along the continental shelves of the Atlantic Ocean, and resource availability, seasonality or competition only played a limited role in determining latitudinal body size patterns.KEY WORDS: Body size · Ectotherms · Cephalopods · Thermal energy · Resource availability · Latitude · Temperature-size rule Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 464: [153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165] 2012 hypotheses suggest that ambient energy (temperature) is the best environmental explanatory variable for the latitudinal-size trends, both lack a convincing mechanistic explanation. The resource availability (primary productivity) hypothesis assumes that body mass must be maintained by a sufficient food supply and predicts greater body sizes in more productive areas (Rosenzweig 1968). However, it is worth noting that cephalopods are voracious carnivores with many different feeding strategies that enable them to feed opportunistically on a wide range of prey , and their growth seems to be primarily limited by predation rather than food shortages (Wood & O'Dor 2000).Some also argue that species adopt smaller body sizes in more equatorial areas because of increased inter-and intra-specific competition for resources (McNab 1971, Ashton et al. 2000. Because the feeding, behavior and reproduction of neritic cuttlefish, octopuses and squids are closely associated with seabed characteristics, one may argue that the larger continental shelves near the poles (i.e. greater habitat availability) could affect cephalopod body size variation by reducing competition. Moreover, variation in oxygen availability has been suggested to explain polar gigantism (Chapelle & Peck 1999) and size increase in the deep sea (McClain & Rex 2001, but also see Spicer & Gaston 1999 for a rebuttal of this idea). Seasonality (or fasting endurance) has also been advocated to explain latitudinal...

show abstract

“…The pattern was described as an interspecific cline manifested in homeothermic animals (Bergmann 1847;James 1970); the proposed mechanism underlying this pattern was the conservation of heat through a smaller surface area-to-volume ratio in largerbodied animals. More recently, however, the rule (sensu lato) has been extended to include intraspecific size clines and ectothermic organisms, especially squamates (Rensch 1938;Ashton and Feldman 2003;de Queiroz and Ashton 2004;Olalla-Tárraga et al 2006) and insects (Chown and Gaston 2010;Shelomi 2012). As empirical studies accumulated, new interpretations of the mechanisms underlying Bergmann's cline emerged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untangling Intra- and Interspecific Effects on Body Size Clines Reveals Divergent Processes Structuring Convergent Patterns in Anolis Lizards

Muñoz

Wegener

Algar

2014

The American Naturalist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. abstract: Bergmann's rule-the tendency for body size to increase in colder environments-remains controversial today, despite 150 years of research. Considerable debate has revolved around whether the rule applies within or among species. However, this debate has generally not considered that clade-level relationships are caused by both intra-and interspecific effects. In this article, we implement a novel approach that allows for the separation of intra-and interspecific components of trait-environment relationships. We apply this approach to body size clines in two Caribbean clades of Anolis lizards and discover that their similar body size gradients are constructed in very different ways. We find inverse Bergmann's clines-highelevation lizards are smaller bodied-for both the cybotes clade on Hispaniola and the sagrei clade on Cuba. However, on Hispaniola, the inverse cline is driven by interspecific differences, whereas intraspecific variation is responsible for the inverse cline on Cuba. Our results suggest that similar body size clines can be constructed through differing evolutionary and ecological processes, namely, through local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity (intraspecific clines) and/or size-ordered spatial sorting (interspecific clines). We propose that our approach can help integrate a divided research program by focusing on how the combined effects of intra-and interspecific processes can enhance or erode clade-level relationships at large biogeographic scales.

show abstract

The Phylogeny of a Species-Level Tendency: Species Heritability and Possible Deep Origins of Bergmann's Rule in Tetrapods

Cited by 42 publications

References 68 publications

Metabolic Scaling in Animals: Methods, Empirical Results, and Theoretical Explanations

Metabolic Scaling in Animals: Methods, Empirical Results, and Theoretical Explanations

Environmental determinants of latitudinal size-trends in cephalopods

Untangling Intra- and Interspecific Effects on Body Size Clines Reveals Divergent Processes Structuring Convergent Patterns in Anolis Lizards

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About