The photosynthesis – leaf nitrogen relationship at ambient and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide: a meta‐analysis

Peterson, Andrew G.; Ball, J. Timothy; Luo, Yiqi; Field, Christopher B.; Reich, Peter B.; Curtis, Peter S.; Griffin, Kevin L.; Gunderson, Carla A.; Norby, Richard J.; Tissue, David T.; Forstreuter, Manfred; Rey, Ana; Vogel, Christoph S.; Participants, Cmeal

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00234.x

Cited by 115 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Field & Mooney (1986) found that this relationship is quite general across species; this conclusion has been recently reinforced with an expanded dataset by Peterson et al (1999). However, Evans (1989) analysed the relationship in detail and suggested that, despite a general overall relationship, there was evidence of inter-specific differences in photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency, arising from differences in nitrogen allocation within the leaf.…”

Section: Photosynthetic Acclimation To Elevated Co 2 1489mentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of elevated [CO₂] on photosynthesis in European forest species: a meta‐analysis of model parameters

Medlyn

Badeck

Pury

et al. 1999

Plant Cell & Environment

453

404

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The effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration on growth of forest tree species are difficult to predict because practical limitations restrict experiments to much shorter than the average life-span of a tree. Long-term, processbased computer models must be used to extrapolate from shorter-term experiments. A key problem is to ensure a strong flow of information between experiments and models. In this study, meta-analysis techniques were used to summarize a suite of photosynthetic model parameters obtained from 15 field-based elevated [CO 2 ] experiments on European forest tree species. The parameters studied are commonly used in modelling photosynthesis, and include observed light-saturated photosynthetic rates (A max ), the potential electron transport rate (J max ), the maximum Rubisco activity (V cmax ) and leaf nitrogen concentration on mass (N m ) and area (N a ) bases. Across all experiments, light-saturated photosynthesis was strongly stimulated by growth in elevated [CO 2 ]. However, significant down-regulation of photosynthesis was also observed; when measured at the same CO 2 concentration, photosynthesis was reduced by 10-20%. Wullschleger (1993) and Ryan et al. (1994), are therefore invaluable for improving model predictions.These challenges were faced by the ECOCRAFT network, a group of laboratories conducting field-based experiments on the effects of elevated [CO 2 ] on European forest tree species. The network has existed since 1991, and the experimental results up to 1995 have been compiled by Jarvis (1998). Besford, Mousseau & Matteucci (1998) reviewed observations of photosynthetic rates in the ECOCRAFT experiments, and concluded that 'both up and down-regulation of photosynthesis has been found. Downregulation appears to be associated with either poor nutrient status or accumulation of starch, occurs more often late in the growing season and in the older needles of conifers.'The group then faced the problem of quantifying these results in such a way that they could be included in models. This problem was addressed by establishing a central relational database of model parameters (Medlyn & Jarvis 1999). The parameters required, and the methods of deriving them from experimental data, were agreed upon by project working groups comprising both experimentalists and modellers. This paper reports on the photosynthesis parameters from the database, presenting them in formats useful for modelling. First, lists of photosynthesis parameters for different species, extracted from the database, are presented. This catalogue should provide a useful resource for modellers. Second, quantitative methods (i.e. meta-analysis) are used to estimate the effects of elevated [CO 2 ] on the parameters across experiments. Different hypotheses for the effects of long-term elevated [CO 2 ] on photosynthesis are examined. This analysis aids our understanding of photosynthetic responses to elevated [CO 2 ] and suggests ways in which we can improve model formulation.Photosynthesis is a key process when stu...

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Section: Photosynthetic Acclimation To Elevated Co 2 1489mentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of elevated [CO₂] on photosynthesis in European forest species: a meta‐analysis of model parameters

Medlyn

Badeck

Pury

et al. 1999

Plant Cell & Environment

453

404

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“…Nitrogen v www.esajournals.org enrichment significantly improved the growth efficiency, which was likely attributed to the increase of the leaf N content and the consequent promotion of photosynthetic capacity (Leuning et al 1995, Peterson et al 1999, Fleischer et al 2013.…”

Section: Minor N Limitation In the Old-growth Boreal Forestmentioning

confidence: 98%

Weak growth response to nitrogen deposition in an old‐growth boreal forest

Fang

2014

Ecosphere

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Citation: Du, E., and J. Fang. 2014. Weak growth response to nitrogen deposition in an old-growth boreal forest.Ecosphere 5(9):109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00109.1Abstract. Nitrogen (N) deposition has been enhanced globally due to the dramatic increase in anthropogenic N emissions, but the effects of N deposition on the growth of old-growth forests remain poorly understood. A three-year N enrichment experiment (0, 20, 50 and 100 kg N ha À1 yr À1) was conducted in an old-growth boreal forest in Northeast China to explore its growth response to enhanced N deposition. Nitrogen enrichment significantly increased N availability but caused only a very weak stimulation of growth (,3 kg C/kg N), indicating a minor N limitation. Nitrogen enrichment did not significantly influence the mass production of needle-leaves but increased the production of woody biomass, leading to a slight improvement in growth efficiency. Nitrogen content increased and phosphorus (P) content decreased in freshly fallen needle-leaves, leading to an increase of N:P ratios. The failure of P acquisition to match the increased N uptake suggests a limitation of soil P availability. Our results support the hypothesis of progressive N saturation and indicate that N deposition may cause a very weak stimulation of carbon sequestration in old-growth forests.

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“…Peterson et al 1999), m l the average CH 4 emission rate from attached leaves in the light, measured at 374 µg kg −1 DW h −1 by Keppler et al (2006), S l is specific leaf area, taken to be 20 m 2 kg −1 as an average for a range of species (Vile et al 2005) and 57 600 is a constant to convert from hours to seconds and mass-based to molar units for CH 4 emission. We then calculated CH 4 emission for each biome, m b , as:…”

Section: Photosynthesis-based Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is estimated to consume between 10-44 Mt CH 4 year −1 globally (Ehhalt et al 2001), with oxidation rates strongly dependent on soil moisture conditions, being highest at intermediate soil moisture (e.g. MacDonald et al 1996;Price et al 2004). When soils are too wet, soil micro-sites become anaerobic and CH 4 is produced rather than oxidised.…”

Section: Methane Oxidation In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comment on the quantitative significance of aerobic methane release by plants

Kirschbaum

Bruhn

Etheridge

et al. 2006

Functional Plant Biol.

107

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Abstract. A recent study by Keppler et al. (2006; Nature 439, 187-191) demonstrated CH 4 emission from living and dead plant tissues under aerobic conditions. This work included some calculations to extrapolate the findings from the laboratory to the global scale and led various commentators to question the value of planting trees as a greenhouse mitigation option. The experimental work of Keppler et al. (2006) appears to be largely sound, although some concerns remain about the quantification of emission rates. However, whilst accepting their basic findings, we are critical of the method used for extrapolating results to a global scale. Using the same basic information, we present alternative calculations to estimate global aerobic plant CH 4 emissions as 10-60 Mt CH 4 year −1 . This estimate is much smaller than the 62-236 Mt CH 4 year −1 reported in the original study and can be more readily reconciled within the uncertainties in the established sources and sinks in the global CH 4 budget. We also assessed their findings in terms of their possible relevance for planting trees as a greenhouse mitigation option. We conclude that consideration of aerobic CH 4 emissions from plants would reduce the benefit of planting trees by between 0 and 4.4%. Hence, any offset from CH 4 emission is small in comparison to the significant benefit from carbon sequestration. However, much critical information is still lacking about aerobic CH 4 emission from plants. For example, we do not yet know the underlying mechanism for aerobic CH 4 emission, how CH 4 emissions change with light, temperature and the physiological state of leaves, whether emissions change over time under constant conditions, whether they are related to photosynthesis and how they relate to the chemical composition of biomass. Therefore, the present calculations must be seen as a preliminary attempt to assess the global significance from a basis of limited information and are likely to be revised as further information becomes available.

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The photosynthesis – leaf nitrogen relationship at ambient and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide: a meta‐analysis

Cited by 115 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of elevated [CO₂] on photosynthesis in European forest species: a meta‐analysis of model parameters

Effects of elevated [CO₂] on photosynthesis in European forest species: a meta‐analysis of model parameters

Weak growth response to nitrogen deposition in an old‐growth boreal forest

A comment on the quantitative significance of aerobic methane release by plants

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The photosynthesis – leaf nitrogen relationship at ambient and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide: a meta‐analysis

Cited by 115 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of elevated [CO2] on photosynthesis in European forest species: a meta‐analysis of model parameters

Effects of elevated [CO2] on photosynthesis in European forest species: a meta‐analysis of model parameters

Weak growth response to nitrogen deposition in an old‐growth boreal forest

A comment on the quantitative significance of aerobic methane release by plants

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Product

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Effects of elevated [CO₂] on photosynthesis in European forest species: a meta‐analysis of model parameters

Effects of elevated [CO₂] on photosynthesis in European forest species: a meta‐analysis of model parameters