The Photoprotective Role of Epidermal Anthocyanins and Surface Pubescence in Young Leaves of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera)

Λιακόπουλος, Γεώργιος; Nikolopoulos, Dimosthenis; Klouvatou, Aspasia; Vekkos, Kornilios-Andrianos; Manetas, Yiannis; Karabourniotis, George

doi:10.1093/aob/mcl097

Cited by 133 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The ectodermal CPs absorb light of certain wavelengths thereby reducing the amount of photons reaching the zooxanthellae in the endoderm. This screening results in a reduction in the chlorophyll excitation similar to the screening by epidermal anthocyanins in higher plants (Liakopoulos et al 2006;Merzlyak et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Screening by coral green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like chromoproteins supports a role in photoprotection of zooxanthellae

et al. 2013

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Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like pigments are responsible for the vivid colouration of many reefbuilding corals and have been proposed to act as photoprotectants. Their role remains controversial because the functional mechanism has not been elucidated. We provide direct evidence to support a photoprotective role of the non-fluorescent chromoproteins (CPs) that form a biochemically and photophysically distinct group of GFP-like proteins. Based on observations of Acropora nobilis from the Great Barrier Reef, we explored the photoprotective role of CPs by analysing five coral species under controlled conditions. In vitro and in hospite analyses of chlorophyll excitation demonstrate that screening by CPs leads to a reduction in chlorophyll excitation corresponding to the spectral properties of the specific CPs present in the coral tissues. Between 562 and 586 nm, the CPs maximal absorption range, there was an up to 50 % reduction of chlorophyll excitation. The screening was consistent for established and regenerating tissue and amongst symbiont clades A, C and D. Moreover, among two differently pigmented morphs of Acropora valida grown under identical light conditions and hosting subclade type C3 symbionts, high CP expression correlated with reduced photodamage under acute light stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Screening by coral green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like chromoproteins supports a role in photoprotection of zooxanthellae

et al. 2013

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“…That this suite of leaf traits could be altered together during evolution has interesting implications for the adaptive significance of leaf morphology. Leaf shape mirrors precipitation and temperature in the fossil record (Bailey and Sinnott, 1915;Wolfe, 1971;Greenwood, 1992;Wilf et al, 1998;Chitwood et al, 2012a), environmental factors closely associated with the function of trichomes in boundary layer maintenance, thermoregulation, and leaf surface reflectance, all factors critical for the photoprotection of grape leaves (Liakopoulos et al, 2006).…”

Section: The Phenotypic Context Of Leaf Shape: a Special Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modern Ampelography: A Genetic Basis for Leaf Shape and Venation Patterning in Grape

Chitwood¹,

Ranjan²,

Martinez³

et al. 2013

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

192

181

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“…The occurrence of trichome layers on the abaxial leaf surface may be considered as a xeromorphic character, which provides adaptive advantages mainly under biotic and abiotic stress conditions (Karabourniotis et al, 1992;Karabourniotis and Bormann, 1999;Liakopoulos et al, 2006). In spite of this, the relationship between leaf surface hydrophobicity and the ecological conditions to which a plant species is native remains controversial.…”

Section: Trichome Chemical Composition and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Wettability, Polarity, and Water Absorption of Holm Oak Leaves: Effect of Leaf Side and Age

et al. 2014

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Plant trichomes play important protective functions and may have a major influence on leaf surface wettability. With the aim of gaining insight into trichome structure, composition, and function in relation to water-plant surface interactions, we analyzed the adaxial and abaxial leaf surface of holm oak (Quercus ilex) as a model. By measuring the leaf water potential 24 h after the deposition of water drops onto abaxial and adaxial surfaces, evidence for water penetration through the upper leaf side was gained in young and mature leaves. The structure and chemical composition of the abaxial (always present) and adaxial (occurring only in young leaves) trichomes were analyzed by various microscopic and analytical procedures. The adaxial surfaces were wettable and had a high degree of water drop adhesion in contrast to the highly unwettable and water-repellent abaxial holm oak leaf sides. The surface free energy and solubility parameter decreased with leaf age, with higher values determined for the adaxial sides. All holm oak leaf trichomes were covered with a cuticle. The abaxial trichomes were composed of 8% soluble waxes, 49% cutin, and 43% polysaccharides. For the adaxial side, it is concluded that trichomes and the scars after trichome shedding contribute to water uptake, while the abaxial leaf side is highly hydrophobic due to its high degree of pubescence and different trichome structure, composition, and density. Results are interpreted in terms of water-plant surface interactions, plant surface physical chemistry, and plant ecophysiology.

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The Photoprotective Role of Epidermal Anthocyanins and Surface Pubescence in Young Leaves of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera)

Cited by 133 publications

References 49 publications

Screening by coral green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like chromoproteins supports a role in photoprotection of zooxanthellae

Screening by coral green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like chromoproteins supports a role in photoprotection of zooxanthellae

A Modern Ampelography: A Genetic Basis for Leaf Shape and Venation Patterning in Grape

Wettability, Polarity, and Water Absorption of Holm Oak Leaves: Effect of Leaf Side and Age

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