The Phonemes of Spanish

Campos-Astorkiza, Rebeka

doi:10.1002/9781118228098.ch5

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, it has been documented dialectal variation of Spanish rhotics in monolingual varieties that differ from the apico-alveolar trill variants. For instance, several studies have identified a post-alveolar approximant rhotic in place of an apico-alveolar trill in Costa Rican Spanish (Lipski, 2011), an assibilated variant in Central Valley Costa Rican Spanish (Adams, 2002) and in Highland Ecuadorian Spanish (Bradley, 1999), and a velarized production in Puerto Rican Spanish (Campos-Astorkiza, 2012). The phenomenon of rhotic variation is not exclusive to monolingual scenarios.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process is accelerated among second and third generation Raizales who seem to be more balanced bilinguals educated in the Spanish-only education system of the islands and Continental Colombia. The apparent rhotic changes in monolingual and bilingual varieties toward an assibilated (Adams, 2002) or a backed innovative variant (Campos-Astorkiza, 2012;Balam, 2013;Zimmer, 2011;Lipski, 2011;Ramos-Pellicia, 2007;Bradley, 1999;Lope-Blanch, 1975) is reversed in Raizal Spanish and accelerated among second and third generation speakers due to stable bilingualism and the pressure to produce an apico-alveolar approximant as close as possible to that of the prestigious Spanish norm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Converging Paths of Variation: Bilingual Rhotics and Language Change in the Archipelago of San Andres, Colombia

Ramos

2022

isogloss

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This study examines the acoustic realization of phonemic taps and trills across generations of Creole-Spanish bilinguals in the Archipelago of San Andres, Colombia. Formant frequencies in the form of F2 and F3 were compared in the realization of 1,450 rhotics presenting no lingual closure produced in the bilingual Spanish speech of three generations of Creole-Spanish speakers. Alongside, F2 and F3 values were extracted from rhotic segments produced in the monolingual varieties coexisting in the Archipelago, Islander Creole (n=328) and Colombian Continental Spanish (n=150). Results show that F3 frequencies and the distance between F3-F2 in senior bilinguals increasingly resemble the values in Islander Creole approximants, whereas younger generations are more closely associated to Continental Spanish. Supporting this trend is the fact that second generation speakers stand at an intermediate position between generations. These findings suggest a change in progress where approximants in younger generations are converging in the direction of Colombian Spanish, while formant frequencies in seniors are more associated with Islander Creole.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converging Paths of Variation: Bilingual Rhotics and Language Change in the Archipelago of San Andres, Colombia

Ramos

2022

isogloss

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“…voiced or voiceless(CAMPOS-ASTORKIZA, 2012). The right panel of Figure3shows this assibilated variant in the word otro /o.tɾo/, realized here as[o.třo].…”

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confidence: 87%

Rhotic Variation in Costa Rican Spanish

Dearstyne

2021

CadLin

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The class of sounds classified under the umbrella term “rhotic” demonstrate considerable variability across, languages, dialects, and speech styles. This is no exception in Spanish, where rhotics have received considerable attention. Among dialects of Spanish, the pronunciation of rhotics in Costa Rican Spanish is a highly salient feature of this variety, where the standard trill /r/ and tap /ɾ/ are often assibilated or realized as fricatives. A number of studies have examined Costa Rican rhotics from both phonological and phonetic perspectives, yet the results of these studies have been inconclusive. Notably absent from these studies are acoustic analyses of rhotic production, instead relying on impressionistic transcriptions which risk glossing over phonetic detail. This pilot study revisits the question of rhotic variation in Costa Rican Spanish by analyzing five sociolinguistic interviews with native speakers of Costa Rican Spanish. Using acoustic analyses of rhotic tokens, I propose a rhotic inventory for this variety which includes approximant and fricative variants in addition to the standard tap and trill. Additionally, I propose a potential explanation for the distribution of rhotic variants through an Articulatory Phonology framework, suggesting that rhotic variation can be explained as a result of gestural weakening and co-articulation. The study presents preliminary conclusions regarding socioeconomic factors, suggesting areas for future research, including the effect of age and gender on rhotic variation. Overall this work contributes to the understanding of the Costa Rican variety of Spanish, considering both linguistic and extralinguistic factors as potential predictors of variation.

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“…[ 48 ] for a review). However, compared to Māori, Spanish has a larger phoneme inventory—24 phonemes [ 49 ], compared to 15—alongside more complex syllable structure that permits codas and certain consonant clusters [ 50 ]. Spanish also has notable morphological differences to Māori, such a lower use of compounding compared to (inflectional or derivational) affixation [ 51 – 53 ]; for example, in a survey of 10 Spanish dictionaries spanning approximately 1,300 years, [ 54 ] counts fewer than 3,600 compounds in total.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language structure, attitudes, and learning from ambient exposure: Lexical and phonotactic knowledge of Spanish among non-Spanish-speaking Californians and Texans

2023

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Recent work shows that ambient exposure in everyday situations can yield implicit knowledge of a language that an observer does not speak. We replicate and extend this work in the context of Spanish in California and Texas. In Word Identification and Wellformedness Rating experiments, non-Spanish-speaking Californians and Texans show implicit lexical and phonotactic knowledge of Spanish, which may be affected by both language structure and attitudes. Their knowledge of Spanish appears to be weaker than New Zealanders’ knowledge of Māori established in recent work, consistent with structural differences between Spanish and Māori. Additionally, the strength of a participant’s knowledge increases with the value they place on Spanish and its speakers in their state. These results showcase the power and generality of statistical learning of language in adults, while also highlighting how it cannot be divorced from the structural and attitudinal factors that shape the context in which it occurs.

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The Phonemes of Spanish

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Converging Paths of Variation: Bilingual Rhotics and Language Change in the Archipelago of San Andres, Colombia

Converging Paths of Variation: Bilingual Rhotics and Language Change in the Archipelago of San Andres, Colombia

Rhotic Variation in Costa Rican Spanish

Language structure, attitudes, and learning from ambient exposure: Lexical and phonotactic knowledge of Spanish among non-Spanish-speaking Californians and Texans

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