2019
DOI: 10.25162/historia-2019-0022
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The Phocian Betrayal at Thermopylae

Abstract: This article makes three arguments regarding the Battle of Thermopylae. First, that the discovery of the Anopaea path was not dependent upon Ephialtes, but that the Persians were aware of it at their arrival and planned their attacks at Thermopylae, Artemisium, and against the Phocians accordingly. Second, that Herodotus' claims that the failure of the Phocians was due to surprise, confusion, and incompetence are not convincing. And third, that the best explanation for the Phocian behavior is that they were fr… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
(1 citation statement)
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“…The landscape of Malis and areas to the north are delimited quite starkly from regions farther south. The sheer northern face of Mount Oita forms an imposing barrier when viewed from the Spercheios valley, and the difficulties of moving south from there by land are well documented in Herodotus's account of the Persian invasion of Xerxes and the strategic significance of Thermopylai, on the east side, and of the difficult-to-find Anopaia pass (see, e.g., Herodotus 7.215-17;Pritchett 1982;Rapp 2013;Rop 2019). Such narrow passes, of which there are few, were therefore of paramount importance and have had long-term influence in the history of settlement for the region.…”
Section: Malismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The landscape of Malis and areas to the north are delimited quite starkly from regions farther south. The sheer northern face of Mount Oita forms an imposing barrier when viewed from the Spercheios valley, and the difficulties of moving south from there by land are well documented in Herodotus's account of the Persian invasion of Xerxes and the strategic significance of Thermopylai, on the east side, and of the difficult-to-find Anopaia pass (see, e.g., Herodotus 7.215-17;Pritchett 1982;Rapp 2013;Rop 2019). Such narrow passes, of which there are few, were therefore of paramount importance and have had long-term influence in the history of settlement for the region.…”
Section: Malismentioning
confidence: 99%