The phloxin ‐ tartrazine method as a general histological stain and for the demonstration of inclusion bodies

Lendrum, A. C.

doi:10.1002/path.1700590306

Cited by 134 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…For light microscopy, an oblique section, about 3 mm thick, was cut from below the labial palps and across the body of the oyster, and fixed in Davidson's fluid and routinely processed for histology. Sections were cut at about 5 Ll m and stained with eosin and haematoxylin; for confirn~atory diagnosis, Lendrum's phloxine-tartrazine stain (Lendrum 1947) was found to be extremely useful. For TEM, thin slices of tissue were fixed routinely in 2.5 % glutaraldehyde buffered in 0.1 M cacodylate (pH 7.5) (though some of the early samples were fixed in 2 % glutaraldehyde buffered with filtered seawater) post-fixed in 0s2O4 and stained with uranyl acetate/lead citrate and examined in a Philips 201 EM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and characteristics of the haemocyte parasite Bonamia sp. in the New Zealand dredge oyster Tiostrea lutaria

Dinamani¹,

Hine²,

Jones³

1987

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Bonamiasis, first detected in the New Zealand dredge oyster Tjostrea lutaria (Hutton) during the southern autumn of 1986 was investigated through 2 surveys of oyster beds carried out over spring (Sep 1986) and summer (Jan 1987). In spring, a 'lighter' form of the parasite occurred most frequently, confined largely to the sub-epithelia1 tissue. In summer, a 'dense' form, nearly identical to the 'classic' European and American Bonamia ostreae, was the dominant type; it occurred in subsurface tissue around the digest~ve diverticula and gut, and ~n v a d e d gonadal follicles and gill filaments Other forms, such as a second type of the 'dense form' and what appeared to be intermediate stages between the 'lighter' and 'dense' types were also detected. The significance of these different types in the life cycle of the parasite is discussed. The New Zealand species shows distinct size and morphological differences from B. ostreae.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and characteristics of the haemocyte parasite Bonamia sp. in the New Zealand dredge oyster Tiostrea lutaria

Dinamani¹,

Hine²,

Jones³

1987

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Oysters were opened, and a 3 mm section across the body was fixed in Davidson's fixative, processed for light microscopy and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H & E), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), or Lendrum's phloxintartrazine (Lendrum 1947). Slides for detailed examination were scanned at ×390 and the presence or absence of the apicomplexan was recorded for each tissue.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe apicomplexan infection in the oyster Ostrea chilensis: a possible predisposing factor in bonamiosis

Hine¹

2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Histological examination of 6455 oysters Ostrea chilensis from Foveaux Strait south of New Zealand over a 5 yr period showed > 85% contained apicomplexan zoites, irrespective of season. Zoites occurred around the haemolymph sinuses and the digestive diverticulae at all intensities of infection; occurrence in the sub-epithelium, Leydig tissue and gills/mantle increased with increasing intensity of infection. Many (> 35%) oysters were heavily infected, and most of them had severely damaged tissues. Heavy infections affected gametogenesis; 1% of lightly infected oysters had empty gonad follicles lacking germinal epithelium compared with 2% of moderately infected oysters and 9% of heavily infected oysters. Of oysters with empty gonad follicles, 75% were heavily infected with zoites. The parasite spread from the haemolymph sinuses and moved between Leydig cells, causing their dissociation and lysis. Some zoites were intracellular in Leydig cells. Lesions contained many haemocytes phagocytosing zoites, leading to haemocyte lysis and causing a haemocytosis. Fibrosis occurred to repair lesions in a few oysters. The zoites had a typical apical complex with 2 polar rings and 84 sub-pellicular microtubules. Prevalence and intensity of concurrent Bonamia exitiosus infection was related to the intensity of zoite infection, with only 3.8% of B. exitiosus infections occurring in the absence of zoites, 20.0% occurring in light zoite infections, 30.9% in moderate zoite infections, and 45.4% when oysters were heavily infected with zoites. The converse was not the case, as 75.3% of zoite infections occurred in the absence of B. exitiosus infection, including 51.1% of moderate to heavy zoite infections. There was a statistically significant association between intensities of B. exitiosus and of zoites (p < 0.0001). Zoites may increase the susceptibility of oysters to B. exitiosus by occupying and destroying haemocytes, and by destroying connective tissue cells and utilising host glycogen reserves. The parasite may be heteroxenous, with other stages in the terebellid polychaete Pseudopista rostrata. KEY WORDS: Apicomplexan · Zoites · Oysters · Ostrea chilensis · Bonamia exitiosus · Susceptibility · Gametogenesis Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 51: [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] 2002 pinarum by Bower et al. (1992), scallops Argopecten irradians by Whyte et al. (1994), and oysters Crassostrea virginica by Meyers (1981). Azevedo (1989) described merozoites of Cryptosporidium sp. from the gills of clams Ruditapes decussatus. Morado et al. (1984) reported an unidentified coccidian from the kidneys of clams Protothaca staminea, and subsequently Desser & Bower (1997a,b) erected a new genus, Margolisiella, to accommodate the monoxenous parasite in P. staminea. They moved 4 monoxenous Pseudoklossia spp. into the new genus, thus separating them from heteroxenous Pseudoklossia spp. (Desser & Bower 1997b). Margolisiella tellinovum (Buchanan 1979, Desser ...

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“…Mice surviving for 2-12 minutes were killed by exsanguination [Trowell, 1946] under light ether ansesthesia. Small pieces of the liver were rapidly frozen-dried according to the method of Altmann-Gersh [Gersh, 1948], or fixed in 10 per cent formol saline, embedded in paraffin or, in the case of fat stains, cut on the freezing microtome, and the following stains were applied to 3-20 ,t sections: heematoxylin-eosin, Lendrum's [1947] phloxin stain for inclusion bodies, the periodic acid-Schiff stain [Hotchkiss, 1948] for 1, 2-glycol groupings, toluidine blue for metachromasia, Sudan III or Sudan black for fat, iron-haematoxylin for mitochondria, and the Prussian blue reaction for iron. RESULTS "Watery vacuolation" was found in 25 animals which developed respiratory distress following the injection of carboxymethyldextran, but was not seen in 7 mice which appeared unaffected by the small volumes of fluid administered.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Nature of “Watery Vacuolation” of the Liver Cell

Aterman

1955

Exp Physiol

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The intravenous injection of ferric carboxymethyldextran in isotonic or hypertonic saline in mice leads to the almost instantaneous formation of “watery vacuoles” in the cytoplasm of the liver cells. In specimens fixed by the method of freeze‐drying the vacuolar content gave a positive reaction with the Prussian blue stain for iron, thus showing that some of the injected material had penetrated into the liver cell. This is taken as evidence for the hæmatogenous origin of the vacuolar content. The possibility is considered that there is only one type of “watery vacuolation” despite differences in the chemical composition of the vacuolar content.

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The phloxin ‐ tartrazine method as a general histological stain and for the demonstration of inclusion bodies

Cited by 134 publications

References 4 publications

Occurrence and characteristics of the haemocyte parasite Bonamia sp. in the New Zealand dredge oyster Tiostrea lutaria

Occurrence and characteristics of the haemocyte parasite Bonamia sp. in the New Zealand dredge oyster Tiostrea lutaria

Severe apicomplexan infection in the oyster Ostrea chilensis: a possible predisposing factor in bonamiosis

The Nature of “Watery Vacuolation” of the Liver Cell

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