The philosophy of carbon: meso-entropy materials

Feng, Boxu; Zhuang, Xiaodong

doi:10.1039/c9fd00115h

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In this regard, the entropy is depicted as the degree of disorder of the system. Feng and Zhuang 31 introduced the concept of meso-entropy carbon materials. Considering the value of entropy of each form of carbon allotropes, the meso-entropy of materials can be manipulated between the high and low entropy forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress of high-entropy materials for energy storage and conversion

2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress of high-entropy materials for energy storage and conversion

2021

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“…Thus, the synthesis of azulene derivatives with special structures remains an important topic for organic chemists. Azulene, as one of the high‐entropy species of naphthalene, [ 127 ] could inspire development of more and more higher entropy species of none‐six‐membered carbon rings based aromatic molecules, polymers, frameworks, and functional carbon materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azulene‐Based Molecules, Polymers, and Frameworks for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications

Huang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Small Methods

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has a large dipole moment of 1.08 D. [2] By contrast, naphthalene, which only contains two fused six-membered rings, has a dipole moment of 0 D. Azulene, which was discovered and named by Piesse in 1863, has attracted considerable interest since its discovery in petroleum exploitation. [3] In 1937, Plattner and Pfau published their pioneering report on the synthesis of azulene. [4] However, their method was not practical due to its low azulene yield. In the 1950s, Ziegler and Hafner formulated a highly efficient and practical method for synthesizing azulene and its derivatives. [5] Because azulene is difficult to synthesize and has a low natural abundance, research on azulene-based molecules and materials is less advanced relative to research on its isomer. Direct functionalization of 1-and/ or 3-positions is a common and effective method of producing azulene derivatives. However, direct functionalization of other positions is much harder, e.g., bromination of 6-and 1,3-positions, [6] nucleophilic addition to obtain 6-subsituted azulene, [7] borylation at 2-position, [8] arylation at the 2-position, [9] and so on. The electron distribution in the front-line molecular orbitals (MOs) must usually be considered when functionalizing azulene. Because of resonance delocalization, the oddnumbered position of azulene, which is electron-rich, easily reacts with electrophilic compounds. Among the odd-numbered azulene varieties, 1-and 3-azulene have the highest activity. [10] By Azulene has a considerably larger dipole moment than its isomer naphthalene; it also has unique physicochemical properties, including different reactivities on five-and seven-membered rings, a dark color, a narrow gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and stimulus response. Although azulene was discovered more than 100 years ago, the use of azulene-based derivatives can be traced back to five centuries ago. Due to its unusual structure, azulene-based molecules and materials are widely used in various fields. However, studies on azulene-based materials have long been hindered by difficulties in the synthesis. Considerably fewer studies have been conducted on azulene-based derivatives than on naphthalene-based derivatives. This perspective paper mainly introduces recent reports on the synthesis of azulene-based aromatic molecules, conjugated polymers, and coordination polymers, in addition to azulene-based frameworks. The structure-property relationship, optoelectronic applications, and energy-related applications of azulene-based derivatives are reviewed, including their use in near-infrared absorption, organic field-effect transistors, organic solar cells, and microsupercapacitors.

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“…111 The quality and type of carbonaceous material (ie., graphene) obtained from the outlined methods can be identified by employing a unique meso-entropy pathway stated by Feng and Zhuang. 112 Further detailed research into the mentioned techniques can lead to a sustainable and economically feasible solution to the mass production of graphene.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Outlook Of Graphene From Organic Subst...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Synthesis from Organic Substrates: A Review

Mahmood,

Ashraf,

Shahzad

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Graphene is a carbon-based two-dimensional lab-created substance that has a honeycomb structure. Due to its promise as a unique material in various domains, including electronics, sensors, water treatment, batteries, displays, and biological applications, graphene research has emerged as a new frontier in materials science. Its exceptional properties and extremely high tensile strength can be employed on various substrates including silicon, flexible, and organic materials. Although there have been significant improvements in the synthesis of graphene on the laboratory scale, it is essential to concentrate on sustainable large-scale graphene production on an industrial scale. Several top-down and bottom-up techniques have been discussed in this review to achieve economical graphene manufacturing. Top-down techniques have exhibited their promise to provide a more efficient way to produce product, but finding a cheap, scalable manufacturing method with optimum quality remains a challenge. This review highlights the processes used to make graphene and tries to identify the most appropriate strategies for future commercial applications.

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The philosophy of carbon: meso-entropy materials

Abstract: In the past decades, the materials field has been developing widely and at a high speed, especially for carbon materials. The most popular carbon-rich materials include fullerene, carbon nanotube, graphene,...

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Recent progress of high-entropy materials for energy storage and conversion

Recent progress of high-entropy materials for energy storage and conversion

Azulene‐Based Molecules, Polymers, and Frameworks for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications

Graphene Synthesis from Organic Substrates: A Review

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