The phase-contrast imaging instrument at the matter in extreme conditions endstation at LCLS

Nagler, Bob; Schropp, Andreas; Galtier, E.; Arnold, Brice; Brown, Shaughnessy; Fry, Alan; Gleason, A. E.; Hashim, Akel; Hastings, J. B.; Samberg, D.; Seiboth, Frank; Tavella, F.; Xing, Z.; Lee, Hae Ja; Schroer, Christian G.

doi:10.1063/1.4963906

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Although rapid progress in shape and surface quality has been made, current diamond lenses do not meet the demands of microscopy with nanometer resolution. Despite mechanical limitations of Be CRLs to smallest curvatures of 50 mm, their superior quality allows for high-resolution microscopy when combining several tens of lenses (Schropp et al, 2015;Nagler et al, 2016;Beckwith et al, 2017). While combining many lenses leads to higher NA, it also increases aberrations due to a superposition of small shape errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofocusing with aberration-corrected rotationally parabolic refractive X-ray lenses

Seiboth

Wittwer

Scholz

et al. 2018

J Synchrotron Radiat

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Edited by M. Zangrando, IOM-CNR and Elettra-Sincrotrone, ItalyKeywords: refractive X-ray optics; aberration correction; ptychography; phase plate.Nanofocusing with aberration-corrected rotationally parabolic refractive X-ray lenses Wavefront errors of rotationally parabolic refractive X-ray lenses made of beryllium (Be CRLs) have been recovered for various lens sets and X-ray beam configurations. Due to manufacturing via an embossing process, aberrations of individual lenses within the investigated ensemble are very similar. By deriving a mean single-lens deformation for the ensemble, aberrations of any arbitrary lens stack can be predicted from the ensemble with " = 0.034. Using these findings the expected focusing performance of current Be CRLs are modeled for relevant X-ray energies and bandwidths and it is shown that a correction of aberrations can be realised without prior lens characterization but simply based on the derived lens deformation. The performance of aberration-corrected Be CRLs is discussed and the applicability of aberration-correction demonstrated over wide X-ray energy ranges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofocusing with aberration-corrected rotationally parabolic refractive X-ray lenses

Seiboth

Wittwer

Scholz

et al. 2018

J Synchrotron Radiat

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“…PCI has now shown a great new potential for time-resolved studies of laser-driven shock experiments at X-ray free electron facilities. The first dedicated instrument for PCI has now been deployed at LCLS [205] . The first in situ Xray PCI with both high temporal and spatial resolution on laser-driven shocks in diamond was developed by Schropp et al at the MEC station at LCLS [206] .…”

Section: K Falkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental methods for warm dense matter research

Falk

2018

High Pow Laser Sci Eng

109

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The study of structure, thermodynamic state, equation of state (EOS) and transport properties of warm dense matter (WDM) has become one of the key aspects of laboratory astrophysics. This field has demonstrated its importance not only concerning the internal structure of planets, but also other astrophysical bodies such as brown dwarfs, crusts of old stars or white dwarf stars. There has been a rapid increase in interest and activity in this field over the last two decades owing to many technological advances including not only the commissioning of high energy optical laser systems, z-pinches and X-ray free electron lasers, but also short-pulse laser facilities capable of generation of novel particle and X-ray sources. Many new diagnostic methods have been developed recently to study WDM in its full complexity. Even ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics has been accessed for the first time thanks to subpicosecond laser pulses achieved at new facilities. Recent years saw a number of major discoveries with direct implications to astrophysics such as the formation of diamond at pressures relevant to interiors of frozen giant planets like Neptune, metallic hydrogen under conditions such as those found inside Jupiter’s dynamo or formation of lonsdaleite crystals under extreme pressures during asteroid impacts on celestial bodies. This paper provides a broad review of the most recent experimental work carried out in this field with a special focus on the methods used. All typical schemes used to produce WDM are discussed in detail. Most of the diagnostic techniques recently established to probe WDM are also described. This paper also provides an overview of the most prominent examples of these methods used in experiments. Even though the main emphasis of the publication is experimental work focused on laboratory astrophysics primarily at laser facilities, a brief outline of other methods such as dynamic compression with z-pinches and static compression using diamond anvil cells (DAC) is also included. Some relevant theoretical and computational efforts related to WDM and astrophysics are mentioned in this review.

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“…Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) [94,95] and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) [18,[96][97][98] experiments are at the heart of the activities planned. In addition, high resolution time-resolved scattering [99,100], nano-beam scattering/imaging [101,102] and novel correlation techniques [103] are foreseen at MID taking advantage of the unique time structure and high peak intensity of the European XFEL beam. The instrument can operate in small-angle (SAXS) and wide-angle (WAXS) X-ray scattering configurations with a movable large area detector.…”

Section: Scientific Scope and X-ray Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon Beam Transport and Scientific Instruments at the European XFEL

et al. 2017

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Featured Application: This article describes the layout of the European XFEL, a soft and hard X-ray free-electron laser user facility starting operation in 2017. Emphasis is put on the photon beam systems, scientific applications and the instrumentation of the scientific instruments of the European XFEL.Abstract: European XFEL is a free-electron laser (FEL) user facility providing soft and hard X-ray FEL radiation to initially six scientific instruments. Starting user operation in fall 2017 European XFEL will provide new research opportunities to users from science domains as diverse as physics, chemistry, geo-and planetary sciences, materials sciences or biology. The unique feature of European XFEL is the provision of high average brilliance in the soft and hard X-ray regime, combined with the pulse properties of FEL radiation of extreme peak intensities, femtosecond pulse duration and high degree of coherence. The high average brilliance is achieved through acceleration of up to 27,000 electron bunches per second by the super-conducting electron accelerator. Enabling the usage of this high average brilliance in user experiments is one of the major instrumentation drivers for European XFEL. The radiation generated by three FEL sources is distributed via long beam transport systems to the experiment hall where the scientific instruments are located side-by-side. The X-ray beam transport systems have been optimized to maintain the unique features of the FEL radiation which will be monitored using build-in photon diagnostics. The six scientific instruments are optimized for specific applications using soft or hard X-ray techniques and include integrated lasers, dedicated sample environment, large area high frame rate detector(s) and computing systems capable of processing large quantities of data.

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The phase-contrast imaging instrument at the matter in extreme conditions endstation at LCLS

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Nanofocusing with aberration-corrected rotationally parabolic refractive X-ray lenses

Nanofocusing with aberration-corrected rotationally parabolic refractive X-ray lenses

Experimental methods for warm dense matter research

Photon Beam Transport and Scientific Instruments at the European XFEL

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