The phase behaviour of mixed saturated and unsaturated monoglycerides in water system

Influence of drug-carrier compatibility and preparation method on the properties of paclitaxel-loaded lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles

“…29 In contrast, since the GML and GMLO have two and three double bonds respectively, degree of freedom of the chains was enhanced, with the LLCN characterized by a more disordered structural arrangement. 30 leaving more space for PTX to escape from the gap between the lipids, thus leading to significant drug encapsulation efficiency decrease. Similarly, it was demonstrated that drug loading .05 the group of GMO was compared with the group of GML and GMLO, the group of Soluplus was compared to the group of P407 and Tween 80, and the drug-lipid ratio of 6.67% group was compared with the drug-lipid ratio of 10%, 13.33%, 16.67% groups respectively.…”

The phase behaviour of mixed saturated and unsaturated monoglycerides in hydrophobic system

“…␣-gel (L␤) phase, new ␣-gel (L␤ 1 ) structure, ␤ 1 crystal phase, sub-␣ phase, ␤ 3 crystal, as well as an isotropic, L 2 , phase [9]. In the presence of water five additional phases are formed, fluid lamellar phase, three bicontinous cubic phases, Ia3d, Pn3 m and Im3 m and hexagonal phase (H 2 ) [14]. However, the phase diagrams of monoglyceride mixtures in the presence of different oil have been studied [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

“…The three types of gel phase commonly reported are bilayer, tilted and interdigitated [13]. Usually the gel phase of monoglycerides is metastable and eventually transforms to an anhydrous crystalline phase [14].…”

Formulation lyotropic liquid crystals from palm oil‐based monoacylglycerols

“…For example, the lamellar phase and hexagonal phase often have peaks at different positions with the ratios of 1: 2: 3: 4 and 1: √3: 2: √7, respectively. For bicontinuous cubic phases, the ratios of position between peaks are relative √2: √4: √6: √8 ( Im3m ), √2: √3: √4: √6: √8: √9 ( Pn3m ), and √6: √8: √14: √16: √20: √22 ( Ia3d ) (Alfutimie et al, 2015; Huang & Gui, 2018).…”

“…Therefore, the current trend of the food and pharmaceutical industry is investigating the LLC formulation from other materials to expand their applications. Many studies suggested that palm oil‐based monoacylglycerols (MAGs) could be considered as a potential source for LLC formation (Alfutimie et al, 2015; Ali et al, 2016;Cegla‐Nemirovsky et al, 2015; Wei et al, 2019). This food additive can be obtained from the direct esterification of glycerol with either saturated (palmitic, stearic) or unsaturated (oleic, linoleic) fatty acids and has been widely applied in the lipid industry (Fredrick et al, 2008; Fredrick et al, 2013; Nguyen et al, 2020a; Truong et al, 2019).…”