The Pharyngeal Organ in the Buccal Cavity of the Male Siamese Fighting Fish,Betta splendens, Supplies Mucus for Building Bubble Nests

Abstract

The male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, builds a bubble nest on the water surface to care for offspring during the reproductive period. To our knowledge, this study is the first to determine the composition of the bubble nest and to compare the pharyngeal organs of male and female Siamese fighting fish to determine the relationship between the pharyngeal organ and the ability to make bubble nests. Dot blots of the bubble nest probed with periodic acid-Schiff's (PAS) staining and Ponceau S solution revealed that the contents of the nest are glycoprotein rich. Dissection of the heads of Siamese fighting fish showed that the pharyngeal organ is located in the position through which inhaled air passes. The epithelial structure of the pharyngeal organ of the Siamese fighting fish, like that of other teleosts, has numerous wrinkles and papillae. Mucous goblet cells were observed on the epithelium of pharyngeal organs in male and female fish. The pharyngeal organ was found to be larger in male than in female fish. In addition, the epithelium of the pharyngeal organ in male fish has a greater number of mucous goblet cells than that in female fish. In Siamese fighting fish, this sexual dimorphism of the pharyngeal organ suggests that the male fish secretes more glycoprotein-rich mucus to build the bubble nest. Future work will focus on the type of mucous cells found in the epithelium of the pharyngeal organ that contributes to bubble formation and will determine the components of the mucus in the bubble nest.

Branchial placenta in the viviparous teleost Ilyodon whitei (Goodeidae)

“…The presence of PAS1 goblet cells, in the pharyngeal epithelium of I. whitei with agreement of with descriptions in other teleost species as in Dorosoma petenense (Miller, 1964), Betta splendens (Kang and Lee, 2010), and the viviparous species Poecilia vivipara (Rocha et al, 2010).…”

Life in a bubble: the role of the labyrinth organ in determining territory, mating and aggressive behaviours in anabantoids

“…Consisting of c. 137 species (Fig. 1) across three families (Anabantoidae, Helostomatidae and Osphronemidae), all have a pair of suprabranchial chambers (SBC) that directly extend either side of the first epibranchial gill arch into the opercular cavity (Rüber et al, 2004;Kang & Lee, 2010;. Each SBC houses an air-breathing organ (ABO) known as the labyrinth apparatus (Fig.…”

“…The male will nurture and care for the fertilized eggs and newly hatched larvae throughout this period until they leave (Bronstein, 1982). The bubble nest provides additional benefits to the embryos such as added protection from bacterial infection and supplying oxygen and nutrients (Jaroensutasinee & Jaroensutasinee, 2001;Kang & Lee, 2010). Even after hatching, bubble nests serve a purpose.…”

Collected and self-secreted building materials and their contributions to compression and tension structures

“…That of Scarus vetula has been found to be composed of glycoprotein secreted from over the body surface (Videla, Geerstjes & Videla, ). Glycoprotein has also been identified as a major component of the buccal secretion produced by the Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens (Osphronemidae), to produce the bubble nests in which males place the eggs after spawning (Kang & Lee, ). Here, the secretion is held in tension, resisting the pressure from within.…”