The Pharmacology of Callosal Transmission: A General Survey

Giurgea, C.; Moyersoons, F

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-03645-5_22

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This hypothesis is supported by findings on the importance of the state of tissue in the vicinity of infarcts for the recovery from aphasia 43 ; the ability of these cortical areas to learn from specific rehabilitative measures, eg, speech therapy, might be enhanced by piracetam. 44 Our results additionally point to the importance of the functional reactivation of temporal regions within the dominant hemisphere, 15 which might be more efficient for recovery from aphasia than facilitation of transcallosal transfer 45 and restitution of functions within a bilateral network. 46 The results also emphasize the need to select patients who can benefit from drug treatment, especially in support of rehabilitative efforts targeted at relearning lost functionality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Piracetam Improves Activated Blood Flow and Facilitates Rehabilitation of Poststroke Aphasic Patients

Kessler

Thiel

Karbe

et al. 2000

Stroke

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Purpose-In a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, it was investigated whether piracetam improves language recovery in poststroke aphasia assessed by neuropsychological tests and activation PET measurement of cerebral blood flow. Methods-Twenty-four stroke patients with aphasia were randomly allocated to 2 groups: 12 patients received 2400 mg piracetam twice daily, 12 placebo. Before and at the end of the 6-week treatment period in which both groups received intensive speech therapy, the patients were examined neuropsychologically and studied with H 2 15 O PET at rest and during activation with a word-repetition task. Blood flow was analyzed in 14 language-activated brain regions defined on reconstructed surface views from MRI coregistered to the PET images. Results-Before treatment, both groups were comparable with respect to performance in language tasks and to type and severity of aphasia. In the piracetam group, increase of activation effect was significantly higher (PϽ0.05) in the left transverse temporal gyrus, left triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus, and left posterior superior temporal gyrus after the treatment period compared with the initial measures. The placebo group showed an increase of activation effect only in the left vocalization area. In the test battery, the piracetam group improved in 6 language functions, the placebo group only in 3 subtests. Conclusions-Piracetam as an adjuvant to speech therapy improves recovery of various language functions, and this effect is accompanied by a significant increase of task-related flow activation in eloquent areas of the left hemisphere. (Stroke.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Piracetam Improves Activated Blood Flow and Facilitates Rehabilitation of Poststroke Aphasic Patients

Kessler

Thiel

Karbe

et al. 2000

Stroke

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Giurgea in 1972. The term "nootropic" in Greek means "acting upon the mind" [83,84] Giurgea derived the term "nootropics" from the words "noos"= mind and "tropein"=towards [85]. Main features [85] in defining a nootropic are:…”

Section: Nootropics/brain Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanism of action of nootropic agents at the molecular level is not completely delineated yet, but some of the pharmacological effects [80][81][82][83][84][85]91] of these agents involve:…”

Section: Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Better Brain Management: Nootropics

Malik¹,

Sangwan²,

Saihgal³

et al. 2007

CMC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The learning and memory deficits have been recognized as severe and consistent neurological disorders associated with numerous neurodegenerative states. Research in this area has gained momentum only in the recent past after the biochemical and physiological basis of these processes have been understood. A considerable alteration in the neurotransmission is a consistent finding in cognitive disorders. Therefore, many therapeutic strategies to augment the concentration of neurotransmitters in brain such as cholinergic agents, biogenic amines and neuropeptides etc. have been evaluated in cognitive deficits. CNS modulators are the type of antiamnesics that act via modulation of the neurological processes underlying memory storage. These include psychostimulants, excitatory amino acids and most important of all "nootropics". Nootropics are a heterogeneous group of compounds of diverse chemical composition and biological function that allegedly facilitate learning and memory or overcome natural or induced cognitive impairments. The literature survey incorporated in this article hallmarks the success achieved in the design and development of potential nootropic agents. Additionally, this review is an attempt towards discussing various approaches available to enhance memory, along with the classification of the known memory enhancers, authors research work towards various structural modifications carried out and the biological screening.

show abstract

“…The polysynaptic primary response does not change under drug. Other medicines were equally tested, and for the present topic it is worth mentioning that centrophenoxine (30-100 mg/kg) as well as pyrithioxine (33 mg/kg) do not influence the TCR [Giur gea and Moyersoons, 1979], Piracetam has presumably a direct effect, unrelated to changes in the general cortical excitability level, since the stimulation threshold for TCR is unaffected by the drug [Giurgea and Moyersoons, 1979].…”

Section: The Electrophysiological Model: Cortical Evoked Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, wc stimulate intracortically the median suprasylvian gyrus [Giurgea and Moyersoons, 1979] to obtain the transcallosal response (TCR), in curarised cats. The vol tage is adjusted to obtain a near-maximal TCR.…”

Section: The Electrophysiological Model: Cortical Evoked Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Predictive Value of Animal Experimentation for Clinical Geropsychopharmacology

Giurgea¹

1986

Gerontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An overall view is presented of the most used models in aged and in young (deficient and standard) animals as well as of some so-called pro-geriatric manipulations. Life-span studies, electrophysiological (EEG and evoked potentials) and behavioural models are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed upon the complex correlations (electrophysiological and behavioural) between animal (rodents and mammals) and human pharmacology in the field of interhemispheric, mainly callosal, connection.

show abstract

The Pharmacology of Callosal Transmission: A General Survey

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Piracetam Improves Activated Blood Flow and Facilitates Rehabilitation of Poststroke Aphasic Patients

Piracetam Improves Activated Blood Flow and Facilitates Rehabilitation of Poststroke Aphasic Patients

Towards Better Brain Management: Nootropics

The Predictive Value of Animal Experimentation for Clinical Geropsychopharmacology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About