The pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in plasma and joint dialysate in an experimentally Mycoplasma synoviae infection model

Yan, Xiu; Liu, Jinxin; Jia, Yixin; Yao, Zhaofeng; Zhou, Minghu; Song, Shuti; Yuan, Shuofeng; Zhang, Dexian; Zhang, Nan

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2023.102572

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The liver consistently exhibited the highest concentration at most sampling times, suggesting it is the primary tissue where tilmicosin residues accumulate in chickens. The drug distribution is commonly influenced by organ blood flow and tissue affinity, with the liver, kidneys, and lungs having a higher blood supply than muscle and skin plus fat (Yan et al., 2023). Consequently, tilmicosin shows relatively high liver, kidney, and lung levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depletion of tilmicosin residue in Gushi chickens following oral administration via drinking water

Zhang,

Qian,

et al. 2023

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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This study aimed to examine the depletion of tilmicosin residues in Gushi chickens following the administration at a concentration of 75 mg/L in their drinking water for three consecutive days. Plasma, liver, kidney, lung, muscle, and skin + fat samples were collected from 6 chickens at 6 h, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after the treatment. Tilmicosin concentrations in the samples were determined using a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The findings revealed that the highest tilmicosin residues were detected in the liver, followed by the kidney, lung, skin + fat, muscle, and plasma. Notably, at 7 days post‐treatment, no drug residue was detected in all samples except for the liver and kidney. The non‐compartmental model was employed to calculate relevant pharmacokinetic parameters. The elimination half‐lives (t1/2λz) of tilmicosin were as follows, ranked from long to short: skin + fat (45.42 h), liver (44.17 h), kidney (40.06 h), plasma (37.64 h), lung (31.39 h), and muscle (30.05 h). Considering the current residue depletion and the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by Chinese regulatory authorities, the withdrawal times for tilmicosin were estimated as 18.91, 10.81, and 8.58 days in the kidney, liver, and skin + fat, respectively. A rounded‐up value of 19 days was selected as the conclusive withdrawal time. Furthermore, based on the observed tilmicosin concentrations in plasma and lung, combined with previously reported minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against Mycoplasma gallisepticum, the current dosing regimen was deemed adequate for treating Mycoplasma gallisepticum infections in Gushi chickens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depletion of tilmicosin residue in Gushi chickens following oral administration via drinking water

Zhang,

Qian,

et al. 2023

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…Both MG and MS are etiological agents of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and can cause a wide range of symptoms in chickens, irrespective of their age and breed (Amer et al, 2019;Wei et al, 2023). Common symptoms include breathing problems, nasal discharge, sinusitis, airsacculitis (in amed mucous membrane in bird air sacs that becomes swollen and reddish), a decrease in egg production, hatchability, and an increase in embryo mortality (Yan et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in selected chicken breeds in South Africa

Idowu,

Mpofu,

Zishiri

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BackgroundThe impact of chickens onmaintaining the economy and livelihood of rural communities cannot be overemphasized. In recent years, one of the diseases affecting its success has been Mycoplasma spp. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are significant respiratory pathogens that affect chickens. The presentstudy aimed to molecularly detect and characterize the presence of MG and MS intracheal swabsand fecalsamples fromSouth African chicken breeds. Methods: Forty-five tracheal swabs from the Lohmann Brown (n=9), Rhode Island (n=9), Ovambo (n=9), Venda (n=9), and Potchefstroom Koekoek (n=9) breeds were collected.To detect MG and MS, DNA was extracted from tracheal swabsand faecal samples,and qPCR was performed with a 16S rRNA (185 bp) and vlhA (392 bp) gene fragment. Following the sequencing of all the amplicons, MG, and MS dendrograms showing the evolutionary relationships among the five South African chicken breeds and the reference population from the GenBankwere constructed. Results: The qPCR revealed the presence of MG and MS in 22% (2/9) of the tested tracheal swab samples for MS only in Rhode Island breeds;66.6% (6/9) and 33% (3/9) of the tested samples in Ovambo breeds;and 11.1% (1/9) and 44.4% (4/9) of the tested samples in Venda breeds. No MG orMS were detected in the Lohmann Brown orPotchefstroom Koekoek breed. Furthermore, qPCR revealed the presence of MG in pooled faecal samples from Lohmann Brown and Ovambo breeds. Eight different bacterial isolates were recognized from both samples. Four isolates were of the Mycoplasma gallisepticum 16sribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene (named PT/MG51/ck/00, PT/MG48/ck/00, PT/MG41/ck/00 and PT/MG71/ck/00),and one was of the Mycoplasma Synoviae variable lipoprotein hemagglutinin A (vlhA) gene (named PT/MSA22/ck/01, PT/MS41/ck/01, PT/MS74/ck/01 and PT/MS46/ck/01). These isolateswere successfully sequenced with 95–100percentage similarity with isolates from the gene bank. Conclusion: The study revealedgreat variation in susceptibility to MG and MS amongthe chicken breeds sampled. This, therefore, poses a threat to South Africa poultry production becausethere is a need for strict biosecurity measures and constant detection of the presence of MG and MS to prevent their spread.

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“…Therefore, tilmicosin is a very promising drug for the treatment of respiratory disorders in donkeys. The pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin have been studied in horse [13], swine [19], cattle [20], sheep [8], chicken [21,22], and rabbit [23], and data in donkeys are still vacant. Therefore, the present study was carried out around the pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in plasma, urine, and feces of donkeys in order to determine the suitability of tilmicosin for donkeys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Donkeys often suffer from infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus equi , Streptococcus zooepidemicus , Mycobacterium spp., and Burkholderia mallei (Rickards & Thiemann, 2019). The pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin have been studied in horse (Clark et al., 2008), swine (Shen et al., 2005), cattle (Lombardi et al., 2011), sheep (Modric et al., 1998), chicken (Yan et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2023), and rabbit (Gallina et al., 2010), and data in donkeys are still vacant. Therefore, the present study was carried out around the pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in plasma, urine, and feces of donkeys in order to determine the suitability of tilmicosin for donkeys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in plasma, urine and feces after a single intragastric administration in donkey (Equus asinus)

Yang,

Liu,

Guo

et al. 2024

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Tilmicosin, a macrolide antibiotic, has the potential to treat bacterial infections in donkeys. However, the pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in donkeys have not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in donkey plasma, urine, and feces after a single intragastric administration to determine the suitability of tilmicosin for donkeys. A total of 5 healthy male donkeys with similar body weights were selected. The donkeys were administered a single dose of 10 mg · kg−1 body weight (BW) tilmicosin by gavage. The concentrations of tilmicosin in plasma, urine, and feces were determined. The results showed that after a single intragastric administration of 10 mg · kg−1 body weight, tilmicosin in donkey plasma reached a maximum concentration of 11.23 ± 5.37 mg · L−1 at 0.80 ± 0.10 h, with a half‐life of 14.49 ± 7.13 h, a mean residence time of 28.05 ± 3.05 h, a Cl/F of 0.48 ± 0.18 L · kg−1 · h−1, and a Vd/F of 9.28 ± 2.63 Lkg−1. The percentage of tilmicosin excreted through the urine of donkeys is 2.47%, and the percentage excreted through the feces is 66.43%. Our study provides data to inform the use of tilmicosin in donkeys.

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The pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in plasma and joint dialysate in an experimentally Mycoplasma synoviae infection model

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Depletion of tilmicosin residue in Gushi chickens following oral administration via drinking water

Depletion of tilmicosin residue in Gushi chickens following oral administration via drinking water

Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in selected chicken breeds in South Africa

Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in plasma, urine and feces after a single intragastric administration in donkey (Equus asinus)

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