The pharmacist's responsibility to ensure appropriate use of direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing

Gammal, Roseann S.; Smith, D. Max; Wiisanen, Kristin; Cusimano, Joseph; Pettit, Rebecca S.; Stephens, Julie W.; Walko, Christine M.; Yang, Rachel Hagyeong; Dunnenberger, Henry M.

doi:10.1002/jac5.1437

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…This highlights the need for further research in other countries (and multi-country studies) and among all types of HCPs. Although not the focus of this review, other HCPs such as pharmacists may play an important role in DTC-GT focused on pharmacogenetics [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing: an updated systematic review of healthcare professionals’ knowledge and views, and ethical and legal concerns

Martins¹,

Murry²,

Telford³

et al. 2022

Eur J Hum Genet

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Direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) is becoming increasingly widespread. The aim of this research was to systematically review the literature published on healthcare professionals’ knowledge and views about DTC-GT, as an update to a 2012 systematic review. The secondary aim was to assess the knowledge and views of healthcare professionals on the ethical and legal issues pertaining to DTC-GT. A systematic search was performed to identify all relevant studies that have been conducted since 2012. Studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria if they were primary research papers conducted on healthcare professionals about their knowledge and views on health-related DTC-GT. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Medline databases were searched from 2012 to May 2021. Title and abstract were screened, and full texts were reviewed by two study authors independently. New papers included were appraised and data were extracted on study characteristics, knowledge and views on DTC-GT, and ethical and legal issues. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Nineteen new papers were included, along with eight papers from the previous review. There was considerable variation in study participants with differing views, awareness levels, and levels of knowledge about DTC-GT. Genetic counsellors and clinical geneticists generally had more concerns, experience, and knowledge regarding DTC-GT. Ten ethical concerns and four legal concerns were identified. Healthcare professionals’ knowledge and experience of DTC-GT, including awareness of DTC-GT ethical and legal concerns, have only minimally improved since the previous review. This emphasises the need for further medical learning opportunities to improve the gaps in knowledge amongst healthcare professionals about DTC-GT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing: an updated systematic review of healthcare professionals’ knowledge and views, and ethical and legal concerns

Martins¹,

Murry²,

Telford³

et al. 2022

Eur J Hum Genet

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Pharmacogenetics: A precision medicine approach to combatting the opioid epidemic

Smith

Stevenson

Cooper-DeHoff

et al. 2021

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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Ineffective pain control is the most commonly cited reason for misuse of prescription opioids and is influenced by genetics. In particular, the gene encoding the CYP2D6 enzyme, which metabolizes some of the most commonly prescribed opioids (eg, tramadol, hydrocodone) to their more potent forms, is highly polymorphic and can lead to reduced concentrations of the active metabolites and decreased opioid effectiveness. Consideration of the CYP2D6 genotype may allow for predicting opioid response and identifying patients who are likely to respond well to lower potency opioids as well as those who may derive greater pain relief from nonopioid analgesics vs certain opioids. There is emerging evidence that a CYP2D6-guided approach to pain management improves pain control and reduces opioid consumption and thus may be a promising means for combating opioid misuse. Clinical practice guidelines are available for select opioids and other analgesics to support medication and dose selection based on pharmacogenetic data. This article describes the evidence supporting genotype-guided pain management as a means of improving pain control and reducing opioid misuse and clinical recommendations for genotype-guided analgesic prescribing. In addition, a "how to" guide using patient case examples is provided to demystify the process for implementing pharmacogenetics-guided pain management to optimize analgesia and minimize adverse effects. Optimizing pain management through genotype-guided approaches may ultimately provide safer and more effective therapy for pain control while decreasing the risk for opioid misuse.

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Advancing equity in the promise of pharmacogenomics

Fohner

Killam

Volk

et al. 2022

Clinical Decision Support for Pharmacogenomic Precision Medicine

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The pharmacist's responsibility to ensure appropriate use of direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing: an updated systematic review of healthcare professionals’ knowledge and views, and ethical and legal concerns

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing: an updated systematic review of healthcare professionals’ knowledge and views, and ethical and legal concerns

Pharmacogenetics: A precision medicine approach to combatting the opioid epidemic

Advancing equity in the promise of pharmacogenomics

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