The pharmaceutical industry in the twentieth century: A reappraisal of the sources of innovation

Galambos, Louis; Sturchio, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1080/07341519608581898

Cited by 49 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The large multinational firms, with well-established internal career ladders, lacked the cutting edge of university science. Lacking a knowledge base in the new field of molecular biology, the large companies were drawn to the start-ups, which had more capability at basic and translational science (Gambardella 1995;Galambos and Sturchio 1996). This asymmetric distribution of technological, organizational, and financial resources was a key factor in driving early collaborative arrangements in the industry (Orsenigo 1989;McKelvey 1996;Hagedoorn and Roijakkers 2002).…”

Section: Field Structuration: Science Meets Commercementioning

confidence: 99%

Network Dynamics and Field Evolution: The Growth of Interorganizational Collaboration in the Life Sciences

Powell

Koput

White

et al. 2005

American Journal of Sociology

1,561

1,123

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A recursive analysis of network and institutional evolution is offered to account for the decentralized structure of the commercial field of the life sciences. Four alternative logics of attachment-accumulative advantage, homophily, follow-the-trend, and multiconnectivity-are tested to explain the structure and dynamics of interorganizational collaboration in biotechnology. Using multiple novel methods, the authors demonstrate how different rules for affiliation shape network evolution. Commercialization strategies pursued by early corporate entrants are supplanted by universities, research institutes, venture capital, and small firms. As organizations increase their collaborative activities and diversify their ties to others, cohesive subnetworks form, characterized by multiple, independent pathways. These structural components, in turn, condition the choices and opportunities available to members of a field, thereby reinforcing an attachment logic based on differential connections to diverse partners.

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Section: Field Structuration: Science Meets Commercementioning

confidence: 99%

Network Dynamics and Field Evolution: The Growth of Interorganizational Collaboration in the Life Sciences

Powell

Koput

White

et al. 2005

American Journal of Sociology

1,561

1,123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first regime dates back to the so-called 'molecular biology revolution' in the early 1970s. The molecularization of physiology, pathology and pharmacology has induced a high degree of specialization of R&D programs, in terms of therapeutic and biological targets (Galambos and Sturchio, 1996). Compared with other industries, product development in the biopharmaceutical industry is characterized by a clear separation between the early upstream stages of drug discovery and testing and the downstream stages of clinical development and commercialization.…”

Section: Exploration and Exploitation In The Life Sciences Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing technological transitions through R&D alliances

Riccaboni

Moliterni

2009

R & D Management

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Technological and market transitions are difficult to manage, and collaborations can be viewed as either resources or constraints in dynamic settings. In the biopharmaceutical industry, a paradigmatic shift in the relevant knowledge bases occurred in the mid‐1990s, inducing a structural change in the network of R&D collaborations. Search and relational strategies oriented toward exploration versus exploitation have prevailed in different phases of the network evolution. Therefore, biotechnology firms have experienced overwhelming difficulties in reorienting their learning strategies throughout paradigmatic shifts and ambidextrous organizations have been able to attain superior performances in terms of stability and centralization in the R&D network.

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“…The pharmaceutical industry is always in dynamic evolution because the conditions of opportunity and advantages of emerging pharmaceutical ventures influence the nature of pharmaceutical R & D activities, organizational capabilities and patterns of industry evolution (Galambos and Sturchio 1996;Henderson et al 1999). At the same time, collaborative networks among pharmaceutical firms and other institutions always evolve with industrial innovation activities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing role of guanxi in influencing the development of entrepreneurial companies: a case study of the emergence of pharmaceutical companies in China

2014

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"Guanxi" is a term in Chinese referring to the reciprocal nature of interpersonal relationships. Its attributes, which are specific to Chinese culture, have been the focus of recent literature. Whereas the impact of guanxi seems to be quite similar to that of general relationships, ties or connections, it is characterized by a number of different dimensions. In this paper, we studied 44 entrepreneurial companies in the pharmaceutical industry in China to examine these attributes in greater detail. We use a system dynamics model to simulate the influence of various guanxi variables -the strength, scale and structure of guanxi -on the development of entrepreneurial companies.

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The pharmaceutical industry in the twentieth century: A reappraisal of the sources of innovation

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Network Dynamics and Field Evolution: The Growth of Interorganizational Collaboration in the Life Sciences

Network Dynamics and Field Evolution: The Growth of Interorganizational Collaboration in the Life Sciences

Managing technological transitions through R&D alliances

The changing role of guanxi in influencing the development of entrepreneurial companies: a case study of the emergence of pharmaceutical companies in China

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