The pESI megaplasmid conferring virulence and multiple-drug resistance is detected in a Salmonella Infantis genome from Brazil

Evidence of structural rearrangements and variability in pESI(like) megaplasmids of S.Infantis by resolving the pESI-like ESBL-producing variants

“…Overall, the results of this study represent further evidence of the importance to exploit long sequencing methods to study the plasmid sequences and structure variation, as they are helpful to avoid some of the challenges raised by the study of mosaic plasmids (Pesesky M., et al, 2019). pESI-like has been described in S. Infantis worldwide, e. g. in Israel (Aviv et al, 2014), Italy (Franco et al, 2015), United States (Tate et al, 2017), Switzerland (Hindermann et al, 2017), Japan (Yokoyama et al, 2015), Hungary (Szmolka et al, 2018), Brazil (dos Santos et al, 2021) and Turkey (Kürekci et al, 2021). With few exceptions, in these studies the characterization of the plasmids was done using short reads sequencing, and the results indicated a less diversity between them compared to what has been observed when the plasmids were fully resolved.…”

The emergence of a multidrug resistant Salmonella Muenchen in Israel is associated with horizontal acquisition of the epidemic pESI plasmid

“…More recently, the emergence of MDR S. Infantis was reported in many regions of the world including Israel [8], Europe [9][10][11][12][13], UK [14], Russia [15], South America [16][17][18], and USA [19].…”

“…This conjugative plasmid was first identified and characterized in an emerging S. Infantis clone in Israel and was shown to encode genes providing resistance to tetracycline, sulphonamides, and trimethoprim, and additional virulence factors that could enhance pathogenicity phenotypes and stress tolerance [8,20,21]. Later, conserved pESIlike plasmids were also found in emerging S. Infantis lineages worldwide [10,11,13,[15][16][17][18]. These pESI-related plasmids share the same backbone as pESI, but may carry varying antibiotic resistant J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f cassettes including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes [9,11,14,19,22].…”

Evidence of structural rearrangements in ESBL-positive pESI(like) megaplasmids ofS.Infantis

“…Infantis worldwide, e.g. in Israel (Aviv et al 2014 ), Italy (Franco et al 2015 ), the United States (Tate et al 2017 ), Switzerland (Hindermann et al 2017 ), Japan (Yokoyama et al 2015 ), Hungary (Szmolka et al 2018 ), Brazil (dos Santos et al 2021 ), and Turkey (Kürekci et al 2021 ). With few exceptions, in these studies, the characterization of the plasmids was done using short reads sequencing, and the results indicated a less diversity between them compared to what has been observed when the plasmids were fully resolved.…”