The Personal Human Oral Microbiome Obscures the Effects of Treatment on Periodontal Disease

Schwarzberg, Karen; Le, Rosalin; Bharti, Balambal; Lindsay, Suzanne P.; Casaburi, Giorgio; Salvatore, Francesco; Saber, Mohamed H.; Alonaizan, Faisal; Slots, Jørgen; Gottlieb, Roberta A.; Caporaso, J. Gregory; Kelley, Scott T.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086708

Cited by 82 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For example, a negative correlation between Streptococcus and Prevotella was observed in the control samples of this study at Day 21 (which was consistent with an inverse correlation between the two bacterial taxa found in periodontal pocket microbiota in periodontitis patients). 44 However, such a connection was disrupted or lost in the CPC groups. It is notable, however, that various CPC-containing formulations can have distinct pellicle surface properties and thus may exert different impacts on such bacterial interactions (the Crest Pro-health Mouth Rinse used herein features high bioavailability of CPC, which yields more hydrophobic pellicles on the tooth surface and interferes with bacterial co-adhesion).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinses alleviate experimental gingivitis by inhibiting dental plaque maturation

Teng

Huang

et al. 2016

Int J Oral Sci

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Oral rinses containing chemotherapeutic agents, such as cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), can alleviate plaque-induced gingival infections, but how oral microbiota respond to these treatments in human population remains poorly understood. Via a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial of 91 subjects, the impact of CPC-containing oral rinses on supragingival plaque was investigated in experimental gingivitis, where the subjects, after a 21-day period of dental prophylaxis to achieve healthy gingivae, received either CPC rinses or water for 21 days. Within-subject temporal dynamics of plaque microbiota and symptoms of gingivitis were profiled via 16S ribosomal DNA gene pyrosequencing and assessment with the Mazza gingival index. Cetylpyridinium chloride conferred gingival benefits, as progression of gingival inflammation resulting from a lack of dental hygiene was significantly slower in the mouth rinse group than in the water group due to inhibition of 17 gingivitis-enriched bacterial genera. Tracking of plaque α and β diversity revealed that CPC treatment prevents acquisition of new taxa that would otherwise accumulate but maintains the original biodiversity of healthy plaques. Furthermore, CPC rinses reduced the size, local connectivity and microbiota-wide connectivity of the bacterial correlation network, particularly for nodes representing gingivitis-enriched taxa. The findings of this study provide mechanistic insights into the impact of oral rinses on the progression and maturation of dental plaque in the natural human population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinses alleviate experimental gingivitis by inhibiting dental plaque maturation

Teng

Huang

et al. 2016

Int J Oral Sci

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“…See previous publication for details on sampling methods, disease classification, DNA extraction, and study population [21]. The samples included ten sample pairs from the same patient, one obtained before, and one after standard periodontal treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of a Novel Periodontal Disease-Associated Bacterium

et al. 2018

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One of the world's most common infectious disease, periodontitis (PD), derives from largely uncharacterized communities of oral bacteria growing as biofilms (a.k.a. plaque) on teeth and gum surfaces in periodontal pockets. Bacteria associated with periodontal disease trigger inflammatory responses in immune cells, which in later stages of the disease cause loss of both soft and hard tissue structures supporting teeth. Thus far, only a handful of bacteria have been characterized as infectious agents of PD. Although deep sequencing technologies, such as whole community shotgun sequencing have the potential to capture a detailed picture of highly complex bacterial communities in any given environment, we still lack major reference genomes for the oral microbiome associated with PD and other diseases. In recent work, by using a combination of supervised machine learning and genome assembly, we identified a genome from a novel member of the Bacteroidetes phylum in periodontal samples. Here, by applying a comparative metagenomics read-classification approach, including 272 metagenomes from various human body sites, and our previously assembled draft genome of the uncultivated Candidatus Bacteroides periocalifornicus (CBP) bacterium, we show CBP's ubiquitous distribution in dental plaque, as well as its strong association with the well-known pathogenic "red complex" that resides in deep periodontal pockets.

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“…Interestingly, this overlap corresponds to genera such as Prevotella and Fusobacterium. Prevotella is a genus known to be related to infections and disease (Schwarzberg et al, 2014). Although Fusobacterium has recently gained attention in the gut microbiome for recently being linked to colorectal carcinoma (Kostic et al, 2012), one species was already known to be linked to sepsis of the jugular vein, typically a result of oropharyngeal infection (Kuppalli et al, 2012) which makes sense as these samples are from nasal swabs.…”

Section: Nasal Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical models and computational algorithms for discovering relationships in microbiome data

Shaikh

Beyene

2016

Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Microbiomes, populations of microscopic organisms, have been found to be related to human health and it is expected further investigations will lead to novel perspectives of disease. The data used to analyze microbiomes is one of the newest types (the result of high-throughput technology) and the means to analyze these data is still rapidly evolving. One of the distributions that have been introduced into the microbiome literature, the Dirichlet-Multinomial, has received considerable attention. We extend this distribution's use uncover compositional relationships between organisms at a taxonomic level. We apply our new method in two real microbiome data sets: one from human nasal passages and another from human stool samples.

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The Personal Human Oral Microbiome Obscures the Effects of Treatment on Periodontal Disease

Cited by 82 publications

References 26 publications

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinses alleviate experimental gingivitis by inhibiting dental plaque maturation

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinses alleviate experimental gingivitis by inhibiting dental plaque maturation

Discovery of a Novel Periodontal Disease-Associated Bacterium

Statistical models and computational algorithms for discovering relationships in microbiome data

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