The Person-Centered Care Assessment Tool in Nursing Homes: Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Version

Abstract

Background:The Person-centered Care Assessment Tool (P-CAT) was developed as a self-reporting assessment scale for the healthcare staff ratings of the person-centeredness of their nursing practice.Aim:This study investigates the psychometric proprieties of P-CAT tool in a sample of staff working in residential units for older people, in the North of Italy.Methods:Internal consistency and reliability were examined using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity, homogeneity analysis performed to evaluate internal homogeneity of the items and equidistance of item options, test–retest reliability examined by the Pearson correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient. The P-CAT score was standardized to a 100-point scale, the score differences among groups were compared with one-way ANOVA.Results:The exploratory factor analysis supported the construct validity of a two-factor solution. The mean standardized score of P-CAT was 67.3 (SD 12.8) and Cronbach’s alpha was .79 for subscale 1 and .75 for subscale 2. The ICC coefficient was .87.Conclusion:Reliability and homogeneity were satisfactory for the whole P-CAT tool (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ .70). Test–retest reliability showed temporal stability of the scale (r Pearson .86, ICC .86). The Italian version of the P-CAT was found to be valid, reliable, and applicable for further research. Two subscales are recommended for the Italian version.

Person-centered Care Assessment Tool, a focus in quality healthcare: A systematic review of psychometric properties

“…As seen, the publication of validation studies of the P-CAT has been constant over the years. Since the publication of the original instrument in 2010, a total of seven validations have been published in other languages (taking into account the Italian version by Brugnolli et al [21], which could not be included in this study), plus a modi cation of one of these versions. The very unequal distribution of validations between languages and countries is striking.…”

“…To this end, it is essential that this aspect be assessed by instrument developers and that the experiences of respondents be protected through the development of comprehensive and informed practices [29]. This work is not without limitations, the rst being that not all published validation studies of the P-CAT, such as the Italian version by Brugnolli et al [21], were available, and these studies could have provided relevant information. Second, many of the sources of validity could not be analyzed because the studies provided scant or even no data, such as response processes, relationships with other variables, consequences of testing, or invariance in the case of internal structure, and interfactor R, internal replication or effect of the method in the case of dimensionality.…”

“…This process yielded a total of 8 articles that were evaluated for eligibility by a complete reading of the text. In this step, 1 of the articles was excluded due to the impossibility of accessing the full body of the study [21]. Finally, a manual search was performed by reviewing the references of the 7 studies, but none was considered suitable for inclusion.…”

Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian version of the Person‐centered Care Assessment Tool

“…First, CFA was conducted based on EFA factor models. The factor structure of different P‐CAT translations and versions varies from one‐factor (Martínez et al, 2016), two‐factor (Brugnolli et al, 2020; Le et al, 2020; Rokstad et al, 2012; Sjögren et al, 2012; Tak et al, 2015) and three‐factor models (Barbosa et al, 2023; Yumoto et al, 2022). Therefore, we conducted EFA beginning with a one‐factor model and increased the number of factors throughout the analysis (two‐factor, three‐factor, etc.).…”

“…The P‐CAT consists of 13 items, including three subscales, and was designed for research purposes to assess the degree of PCC practice by care staff caring for persons living with dementia in aged‐care settings (Edvardsson et al, 2010). The P‐CAT is brief and user‐friendly, and it has been translated into several languages in addition to English (Barbosa et al, 2023; Brugnolli et al, 2020; Le et al, 2020; Martínez et al, 2016; Rokstad et al, 2012; Sjögren et al, 2012; Tak et al, 2015; Yumoto et al, 2022). This indicates that the P‐CAT could be an ideal candidate for translation into the Indonesian language and use among Indonesian care workers in dementia care and LTC settings.…”