The persistence of Colletotrichum coccodes and Mycosphaerella ligulicola in soil, with special reference to sclerotia and conidia

Blakeman, J.P.; Hornby, D.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(66)80057-8

Cited by 53 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…and are believed to serve as survival structures (29,41). The tomato root and fruit rot pathogen C. coccodes forms MS freely in the soil that may survive and remain infective for several years (7,12). There are also reports of C. truncatum forming MS on lentil and soybean plants (29,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Infection and Systemic Colonization of Maize byColletotrichum graminicola

Sukno

García

Shaw

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

109

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Colletotrichum graminicola is a filamentous ascomycete that causes anthracnose disease of maize. While the fungus can cause devastating foliar leaf blight and stalk rot diseases, little is known about its ability to infect roots. Previously published reports suggest that C. graminicola may infect maize roots and that root infections may contribute to the colonization of aboveground plant tissues, leading to disease. To determine whether C. graminicola can infect maize roots and whether root infections can result in the colonization of aboveground plant tissues, we developed a green fluorescent protein-tagged strain and used it to study the plant root colonization and infection process in vivo. We observed structures produced by other root pathogenic fungi, including runner hyphae, hyphopodia, and microsclerotia. A mosaic pattern of infection resulted from specific epidermal and cortical cells becoming infected by intercellular hyphae while surrounding cells were uninfected, a pattern that is distinctly different from that described for leaves. Interestingly, falcate conidia, normally restricted to acervuli, were also found filling epidermal cells and root hairs. Twenty-eight percent of plants challenged with soilborne inoculum became infected in aboveground plant parts (stem and/or leaves), indicating that root infection can lead to asymptomatic systemic colonization of the plants. Many of the traits observed for C. graminicola have been previously reported for other root-pathogenic fungi, suggesting that these traits are evolutionally conserved in multiple fungal lineages. These observations suggest that root infection may be an important component of the maize anthracnose disease cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Infection and Systemic Colonization of Maize byColletotrichum graminicola

Sukno

García

Shaw

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

109

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“…The wide distribution of C. coccodes in South African potato soils indicates that black dot originates mainly from soilborne inoculum throughout the country. Considering that C. coccodes can survive saprophytically for more than a year in soil (Blakeman & Hornby, 1966;Farley, 1976), it is clear that planting diseasefree seed, or treating seed with fungicides would not decrease the disease in black dot-infested fields unless the soil is also managed to suppress or eliminate the pathogen. This was corroborated in the present investigation by the failure of prochloraz to control disease in unfumigated soil, notwithstanding its pronounced inhibitory effect on infection in fumigated plots, as well as in soil not previously SEED-AND SOILBORNE COLLETOTRICHUM COCCODES AND BLACK DOT planted to potatoes (Denner et al, 1996).…”

Section: -Il S E E D -A N D S O I L B O R N E C O L L E T O T R I Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hughes has a worldwide distribution (Barkdoll & Davis, 1992) and is particularly prevalent in South Africa due to the susceptibility of local cultivars (Denner & Marais, 1989). Infection of tubers by C. coccodes originates primarily from inoculum on seed (Jellis & Taylor, 1974), or from microsclerotia occurring free or on colonised plant debris in soil (Blakeman & Hornby, 1966). According to Read & Hide (1988) the incidence of black dot on the progeny of disease-free tubers increased by augmenting C. coccodesinfested soil with laboratory-cultured inoculum of the pathogen, while Read (1993) indicated that seed infection, unless severe, is only important early in the season when soil inoculum level is low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of seed-and soilborne inoculum ofColletotrichum coccodes on the incidence of black dot on potatoes

1998

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SummarySoil in a potato field naturally infested with black dot (Colletotrichum coccodes) was fumigated with methyl bromide at 126 g m -2 or left unfumigated. Potato seed tubers (cv. BPI) uninfected, lightly infected (1-25% surface affected), severely infected (26-100% surface affected) and severely infected with C. coccodes but dusted with prochloraz manganese chloride as Octave 2.5% DP at 750 g per 100 kg seed were planted in fumigated and unfumigated soil. When harvested, the incidence of black dot on the progeny of infected seed planted in unfumigated soil was twice that of progeny in fumigated soil, with progeny of uninfected seed having a 68.5 times higher disease incidence in unfumigated soil. Black dot on progeny tubers was reduced by pre-treatment of seed with prochloraz in fumigated soil only. With black dot infested fields, planting disease-free seed or treating seed with fungicides would not decrease disease on progeny tubers.

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“…Since C. coccodes can survive on debris (Blakeman & Hornby, 1966), it was anticipated that displacement of inoculum from the infection target area would reduce disease in the ensuing potato crop. Considering the success achieved with deep (60 cm) mouldboard ploughing against crater disease of wheat, caused by R. solani on the Springbok Flats in South Africa (Opperman & Barnard, 1992), and the inefficiency of 30 cm deep ploughing against this pathogen on potatoes (Gudmested et al, 1978;Leach et al, 1993), it was expected that deeper tillage would provide a greater reduction in disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hughes (Mordue, 1967;Jellis & Taylor, 1977) necessitate appropriate control measures. C. coccodes can survive for long periods in soil on plant debris or as free microsclerotia in the absence of a susceptible host (Blakeman & Hornby, 1966) and treatment therefore has to be directed at eliminating or reducing inoculum in soil. Several soil fumigants have been screened for this purpose (Stevenson et al, 1976: Read & Hide, 1995, but only methyl bromide provided effective control (Slusarski, 1989;Denner et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soil solarisation and mouldboard ploughing on black dot of potato, caused byColletotrichum coccodes

2000

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SummaryPreplant soil solarisation and mouldboard ploughing to a depth of 30 and 60 cm respectively were evaluated in two field experiments for the control of Colletotrichum coccodes causing black dot of potato. Solarisation reduced disease incidence by 45% when tarping was done for eight weeks and temperatures reached 56 ~ in the top 5 cm of soil. With a six week tarping period and lower maximum temperature (50 ~ the reduction in disease was a nori-significant 25%. Mouldboard ploughing to a depth of 30 cm reduced black dot by 34% and was twice as effective as ploughing to a depth of 60 cm.

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The persistence of Colletotrichum coccodes and Mycosphaerella ligulicola in soil, with special reference to sclerotia and conidia

Cited by 53 publications

References 9 publications

Root Infection and Systemic Colonization of Maize byColletotrichum graminicola

Root Infection and Systemic Colonization of Maize byColletotrichum graminicola

The effect of seed-and soilborne inoculum ofColletotrichum coccodes on the incidence of black dot on potatoes

Effect of soil solarisation and mouldboard ploughing on black dot of potato, caused byColletotrichum coccodes

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