Abstract:This article will review the anatomy and common pathologies affecting the peroneus longus muscle and tendon. The anatomy of the peroneus longus is complex and its long course can result in symptomatology referable to the lower leg, ankle, hindfoot, and plantar foot. Proximally, the peroneus longus muscle lies within the lateral compartment of the lower leg with its distal myotendinous junction arising just above the level of the ankle. The distal peroneus longus tendon has a long course and makes two sharp tur… Show more
“…Due to its insertion on the medial aspect of the foot and course down the lateral part of the leg, muscle contraction lifts the foot upward (plantar flexion) and outward (eversion). This movement is critical to eversion of the foot and can be injured commonly from forced inversion and dorsiflexion of the ankle in the setting of trauma 21 . In addition, Kokubo et al have previously shown that the traction on the m. peroneus longus tendon decreased the stiffness of the foot 22 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The tendon of m. tibialis anterior is attached to the medial cuneiform bone and the base of the 1st metatarsal bone, due to which this muscle is involved in maintaining the medial longitudinal arch of the foot 20 . M. peroneus longus affects both the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot 21 , 22 , since it follows the outer surface of the calcaneus and passes to the sole, where it obliquely crosses the foot and attaches to the tuberosity of the 1st and the base of the 2nd metatarsal bones. Figure 4 ( a ) Graphic image of places of measurement of the stiffness of soft tissues.…”
Abstract16 participants have been subjected to Dry Immersion model (DI) for 5 days. DI reproduces the space flight factors such as lack of support, mechanical and axial unloading, physical inactivity, elimination of vertical vascular gradient. Long-term bed rest is also associated with similar factors, so the results of the study may be useful for clinical medicine. Computer plantography and measuring the stiffness of the soft tissues of the foot and superficial muscles of the shin (mm. tibialis anterior and peroneus longus) were performed twice before DI exposure, on the 2nd and 4th days of DI exposure, as well as on the 2nd day of the recovery period. DI exposure effects the parameters under study in two ways: by raising the longitudinal arch and by flattening the transverse arch, which is accompanied by a decrease in the soft tissues stiffness of the foot and superficial muscles of the shin. The work reveals the phenomenon of compensating the longitudinal arch state by changing the characteristics that reflect the transverse arch state. The results of the study for the first time demonstrate the correlation of the foot morphological characteristics with a decrease in stiffness of mm. peroneus longus and tibialis anterior.
“…Due to its insertion on the medial aspect of the foot and course down the lateral part of the leg, muscle contraction lifts the foot upward (plantar flexion) and outward (eversion). This movement is critical to eversion of the foot and can be injured commonly from forced inversion and dorsiflexion of the ankle in the setting of trauma 21 . In addition, Kokubo et al have previously shown that the traction on the m. peroneus longus tendon decreased the stiffness of the foot 22 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The tendon of m. tibialis anterior is attached to the medial cuneiform bone and the base of the 1st metatarsal bone, due to which this muscle is involved in maintaining the medial longitudinal arch of the foot 20 . M. peroneus longus affects both the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot 21 , 22 , since it follows the outer surface of the calcaneus and passes to the sole, where it obliquely crosses the foot and attaches to the tuberosity of the 1st and the base of the 2nd metatarsal bones. Figure 4 ( a ) Graphic image of places of measurement of the stiffness of soft tissues.…”
Abstract16 participants have been subjected to Dry Immersion model (DI) for 5 days. DI reproduces the space flight factors such as lack of support, mechanical and axial unloading, physical inactivity, elimination of vertical vascular gradient. Long-term bed rest is also associated with similar factors, so the results of the study may be useful for clinical medicine. Computer plantography and measuring the stiffness of the soft tissues of the foot and superficial muscles of the shin (mm. tibialis anterior and peroneus longus) were performed twice before DI exposure, on the 2nd and 4th days of DI exposure, as well as on the 2nd day of the recovery period. DI exposure effects the parameters under study in two ways: by raising the longitudinal arch and by flattening the transverse arch, which is accompanied by a decrease in the soft tissues stiffness of the foot and superficial muscles of the shin. The work reveals the phenomenon of compensating the longitudinal arch state by changing the characteristics that reflect the transverse arch state. The results of the study for the first time demonstrate the correlation of the foot morphological characteristics with a decrease in stiffness of mm. peroneus longus and tibialis anterior.
“…The lateral tendon group is represented by peroneus longus (PL) and brevis tendons. Comprehensive analysis of the PL should include its entire course from the lower leg to the plantar foot at its insertion [44,45]. Evaluation of the distal PL tendon is particularly important.…”
Section: Lateral Tendonsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Evaluation of the distal PL tendon is particularly important. Its dominant insertion on the plantar base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform and additional variable tendinous slips act to stabilise the first tarsometatarsal joint and the Lisfranc joint as well as support the tarsometatarsal arch [45][46][47]. At the retromalleolar groove of the fibula, the peroneus brevis (PB) tendon is normally located anteromedially to the PL tendon ( Figure 9) [48].…”
Section: Lateral Tendonsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Intratendinous ganglion cysts, although uncommon in general, can be encountered in a setting of chronic peroneal tendon tear and mucoid degeneration [48,53]. The PL tendon is most commonly torn at the level of the cuboid groove where it is subjected to high shear stresses because of acute tendon turn [45]. The os peroneum is a sesamoid bone imbedded in the PL tendon at the level of the calcaneocuboid joint.…”
This article reviews the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the normal anatomy and various pathologic conditions of the ankle and foot commonly encountered in clinical practice. The spectrum of entities discussed includes osseous and osteochondral injuries, ligamentous injuries, common traumatic and degenerative tendon pathology, abnormalities of transverse tarsal joint (Chopart) and tarsometatarsal joint (Lisfranc) complexes, pathological conditions affecting capsuloligamentous structures of the great toe and lesser toes, as well as pedal infection, with a focus on diabetic osteomyelitis and neuropathic osteoarthropathy.
The fibularis longus attaches to the base of the first metatarsal at the fibularis/peroneus longus tubercle (FLT/PLT). Theoretically, differences in FLT morphology may reflect changes in the function of the fibularis longus. This study defines the normal limits of the FLT position, orientation, and size in patients with morphologically normal foot anatomy. A retrospective analysis of 131 feet without deformity in 72 patients undergoing weightbearing CT (WBCT) at a single center was conducted. The position and morphology of the FLT was assessed with novel measurements including tubercle‐floor distance, tubercle‐metatarsal angle, and the angle between the floor and a line bisecting the FLT (bisecting angle). Roundness of the FLT was compared to a triangle limiting its shape (triangular ratio), with lower values indicating increasing roundness. We also report relative size of the FLT to the first metatarsal (X/Y ratio), and relative size of the first metatarsal and FLT to the second metatarsal (XY/Z ratio). There were no significant side to side differences for any measurement (p > 0.05). Mean values were: tubercle‐floor distance 28.02 ± 2.63 mm, tubercle‐metatarsal angle 32.7 ± 6.32 degrees, bisecting angle 65.58 ± 6.27 degrees, triangular ratio 0.69 ± 0.04, X/Y ratio 1.13 ± 0.20, and XY/Z ratio 3.44 ± −0.72. Bisecting angle strongly correlated with tubercle‐metatarsal angle (Pearson correlation 0.840, p < 0.001) suggesting FLT rotation occurred independent of foot position. ICC was >0.943 for all measurements. This study reports the morphology of the FLT in individuals with normal feet. This normative data may be used in future studies examining differences between groups of patients with foot pathology, helping us better understand the role of fibularis longus in the development and treatment of foot disorders.
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