The Permeability to Gases of the Swimbladder of the Conger Eel<i>(Conger Conger)</i>

Denton, E. J.; Liddicoat, Jennifer D.; Taylor, D. W.

doi:10.1017/s0025315400021676

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…The decrease in gradual-descent rates, observed for most of the cod in this study, is attributed to the process of diffusion or leakage of gases from the swimbladder (Denton et al, 1972;Lapennas and Schmidt-Nielson, 1977;Ross, 1979;Strand et al, 2005). Because this leakage increases with increasing depth, and secretion rates are independent of depth, the net rate of gas accumulation in the swimbladder decreases with increasing depth (Strand et al, 2005).…”

Section: Factors That Affect Descent Rate and Recuperationmentioning

confidence: 52%

Recuperation and behaviour of Pacific cod after barotrauma

Nichol

Chilton

2006

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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2006. Recuperation and behaviour of Pacific cod after barotrauma. e ICES Journal of Marine Science, 63: 83e94.A total of 624 Pacific cod was captured, tagged with data-storage tags, and released in the Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea from 2001 to 2003. Cod were captured with pot or jig gear at depths ranging from 32 to 127 m. As of January 2004, 272 tags (44%) were recovered, with fish at liberty from 2 days to 1.5 years. The tags, which collected time, depth, and temperature information, revealed behaviour patterns common to nearly all recaptured fish. Analysis of swimbladder function suggests that these patterns resulted from swimbladder ruptures and deflation. In most cases, fish immediately dived to the bottom and then, within hours, returned to shallower depths. Fish that subsequently descended back to the depth at which they were captured, did so at rates ranging from 4.9 to 23.2 m day ÿ1 . Observations of bubbles being released from cod as they neared the surface during capture, indicated that cod swimbladders can rupture. A series of X-rays taken of live cod immediately after capture and subsequently at 24 h, revealed that ruptured swimbladders were sealed within 24 h. The loss of gas from the swimbladder, and the subsequent loss in buoyancy, inhibited most cod from remaining near the bottom. Their quick return to shallow water after an initial escape response indicates either a need or preference to reside at a depth at which they are more neutrally buoyant. Although rates of descent were highly variable among individuals, smaller individuals tended to descend faster than larger ones. Rates of descent were most likely limited by the secretion rate of gas into the swimbladder. Future tagging work for species such as Pacific cod need to recognize the recuperation period that is necessary before natural vertical or horizontal migrations can be evaluated.Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.

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Section: Factors That Affect Descent Rate and Recuperationmentioning

confidence: 52%

Recuperation and behaviour of Pacific cod after barotrauma

Nichol

Chilton

2006

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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“…4a,c,d, Table 1). In general, the submucosa layer works as a barrier that resists outward diffusion of gas from the swim bladder (Denton et al, 1972;Kleckner, 1980a;Wittenberg et al, 1980). The thickened submucosa layer in specimens with developed swim bladder morphology may increase gas retention ability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two unique swim bladder components, the rete mirabile and a gas gland, play important roles during gas secretion (Fänge, 1983;Scheid et al, 1990;Pelster and Scheid, 1992). The secreted gas is kept in the swim bladder lumen owing to the impermeability of the submucosa, the crystal guanine-rich silvery layer of the swim bladder wall (Denton et al, 1972;Kleckner, 1980a;Wittenberg et al, 1980). Generally, the swim bladders of deep-living fishes have a higher gas-secreting ability than those of shallowliving fishes, which allows them to adapt to the high hydrostatic pressure at such depths (Marshall, 1972).…”

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confidence: 99%

Monthly changes in the swim bladder morphology of the female Japanese eel Anguilla japonica in the coastal waters of Mikawa Bay, Japan

Yamada¹,

Okamura²,

Tanaka³

et al. 2004

Ichthyological Research

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In the coastal area of Mikawa Bay, central Japan, specimens of the female Japanese eel Anguilla japonica could be divided into two groups according to the degree of swim bladder development. In one case, they were undeveloped, and in the other, they were highly developed with large rete mirabile, thick submucosa, and a well-developed gas gland. The morphology of the swim bladder in the latter group was comparable with that in the artificially fully maturated eel. The specimens with an undeveloped swim bladder were caught during all months, although their number was small. The specimens with a highly developed swim bladder were most abundant in November and December. During these months, catch of the specimens also increased sharply, by more than 10 fold compared to that in other months. These observations indicate that most of the eel appearing in coastal Mikawa Bay from October to January have a highly developed swim bladder adapted for a deep-sea environment. It was also conjectured that these specimens most likely migrated from rivers feeding into Mikawa Bay, toward spawning grounds in the open sea, and that this occurred after development of their swim bladders was completed. Actually, the specimens caught in the upstream of the Toyo River feeding into Mikawa Bay from late August to early October already had highly developed swim bladders.Key words Adaptation to deep-sea environment · Japanese eel · Swim bladder development · Spawning migration swim bladder wall of the silver eel was more abundant than that of the yellow eel (Kleckner, 1980a,b). The gas storage capability in the swim bladder of the silver eel was higher than that of the yellow one (Kleckner, 1980b).However, these studies are limited to the comparison between yellow and silver eel and are not focused on the issue of where and when the eels adapt their swim bladders so that they can acquire adequate buoyancy in the deep-sea environment. In reference to the issue, based on our study on the relationship between morphological changes in the swim bladder and sexual maturity (Yamada et al., 2001), we previously postulated that the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica leaves the coastal area of the sea after completing its swim bladder development.In the present study, we observed the seasonal changes in the swim bladder of Japanese eel caught in the coastal area of Mikawa Bay and in the Toyo River feeding into the bay, central Japan, to investigate where the eel develops its swim bladder for its spawning migration.

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“…In addition to acting as re£ectors, some layers of guanine crystals are used by ¢sh to limit di¡usion between neighbouring organs (Fa« nge 1958; Denton et al 1972). Thus, in the conger eel, such layers are found around the swimbladder, the heart, the rete mirabile of the eyes and the abdominal cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bands against stripes on the backs of mackerel, Scomber scombrus L.

Denton

Rowe

1998

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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A thin band of re£ecting platelets overlies the central parts of the light and dark stripes found on each side of the dorsal surfaces of the body of the mackerel (Scomber scombrus L.). When this ¢sh has its anteroposterior axis horizontal and its mid-dorsal and mid-ventral lines in the same vertical plane,V, the surfaces of the re£ecting platelets in these bands are within a few degrees of being vertical. These surfaces are, however, tipped about 178 from plane V towards the tail. In the angular distributions of radiance commonly found in the sea, the re£ections from these bands can mask parts of the pattern of light and dark stripes seen by neighbours in ways that depend on the orientation of the ¢sh in the external light ¢eld and the position of the ¢sh relative to its neighbours. With this arrangement, when the ¢sh changes its orientation and/or its velocity with respect to neighbouring ¢sh, this is signalled to its neighbours as changes in the patterns of brightness of its dorsal surfaces. Relatively small changes in roll, pitch and yaw can produce large changes in appearance and, as vision is a most important sense in the mackerel, it seems likely that these changes are important for signalling.

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The Permeability to Gases of the Swimbladder of the Conger Eel(Conger Conger)

Cited by 46 publications

References 13 publications

Recuperation and behaviour of Pacific cod after barotrauma

Recuperation and behaviour of Pacific cod after barotrauma

Monthly changes in the swim bladder morphology of the female Japanese eel Anguilla japonica in the coastal waters of Mikawa Bay, Japan

Bands against stripes on the backs of mackerel, Scomber scombrus L.

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