“…Some of these studies have directly compared well known ERP components evoked by a stimulus onset to those evoked by fixation onsets, such as the P1 (Kazai & Yagi, 2003), the N400 (Dimigen et al, 2011;Hutzler et al, 2007) and the P3 (Kamienkowski et al, 2012). Other FRP studies have used face images to test effects such as target detection or effects of prediction (Dimigen et al, 2009;Ehinger & Dimigen, 2018;Huber-Huber et al, 2019;Kaunitz et al, 2014), yet did not compare face-selective activity, that is, the difference between the response to faces and other stimuli, between ERPs and FRPs. The careful examination of categorical processing comparing free viewing and static gaze conditions is important for future interpretation of categorical processing and object identification in free-viewing studies.…”